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Jo Nesbo–THE BAT

“Sometimes I think I’ve got something, only in the next minute to be thrown into confusion once again. I don’t like being confused; I have no tolerance for it. That’s why I wish either I didn’t have this ability to capture details, or I had the greater ability to assemble them into a picture that made some sense. It’s a bad job on God’s part to give a man with so little intelligence such a good eye for detail.” –Harry Hole, in Australia

Norwegian author Jo Nesbo’s seven thrillers available in English are the third through ninth of the Harry Hole series, beginning with The Redbreast, published in the US in 2006, selected by Norwegian Book Clubs as the Best Mystery/Thriller of All Time, and continuing through Phantom, published in the US in October, 2012. The Bat, Nesbo’s first Harry Hole novel, has just been translated into English and has been available in the UK and Canada since October, 2012 (readily available through Amazon.ca and Amazon.co.uk). Originally published in Norway in 1997, it is intriguing for many reasons, not least for the growth it shows in Nesbo’s narrative and stylistic talents.

In this novel, Harry Hole, fifteen years younger than he is in Phantom, has been sent to Australia to spend a week with the Sydney Police, who are investigating the murder of Ingrid Holter, a young, blonde Norwegian woman with an Australian work permit. His hosts in Sydney have made it clear that the four detectives assigned to the case, not Harry, will be doing the investigation, important in the run-up to the 2000 Olympics. Harry’s first discovery is that no one can pronounce his name correctly, always calling him “Hole,” as in “mole.”  Ironically he starts referring to himself as “Holy,” much closer to the correct pronunciation though not his character, and the “Holy” spelling continues through the narrative. His second discovery is that he will be working with a powerfully built former boxing champion, an Aborigine on the force whom Harry likes and finds intriguing, both personally and culturally.

Ingrid Holter, the victim, had once hosted a children’s program but was working at a local bar when she was killed. An attractive blonde, she had been fending off advances from “Mr. Bean,” the strange bartender; avoiding her even stranger landlord and his vicious “Tasmanian Devil” of a dog; and spending her nights with a man known to have many connections to the drug world. As the police investigate, with Harry, of course, inserting himself into the action, it becomes clear that the police department may be looking for a serial killer, someone obsessed with blonde women. A check of murders over the past ten years shows four women who have been strangled with the killer’s bare hands, leaving no clues.

Nesbo’s well-known penchant for creating unusual characters from the dark side of town is clear even in this first novel. One character, an Aborigine clown, plays the role of Henry XVI in a circus act in which he is “beheaded.” Another, widely thought to be a gay man, is a “closet hetero.” Still others lead secret lives that even Harry does not suspect. Most interesting of the unusual characters is Harry himself, whose backstory is revealed here in some detail, going back to when he was barely out of his teens, and including some stories about his sister, about his yearning to be punished for a death he caused as a youth but which others covered up, and about his family. These homey details stand in stark contrast to the life of Andrew Kensington, the Aborigine officer with whom he is working. Andrew, a former hippie and boxer so good he had to quit for fear of killing someone with his fists, has never known his parents. Part of the Stolen Generation of Aborigine youth who were removed from their parents and educated by outsiders, Andrew has been doubly hurt, denied a family and denied a culture. Nesbo shares much information about Aborigine culture, their myths and legends, beliefs, and value system here, and while it is clear that the author himself is fascinated with this culture and its contrasts with what he sees of the seamier sides of Sydney life, these digressions, unfortunately, do not advance the action and seem like add-ons to his story.

As in the other Nesbo novels, Harry also falls in love, he gets physically attacked, sometimes viciously, and fights a losing battle with the bottle, once again.

The novel occasionally has the feeling of a travelogue, with each trip to a new part of Sydney or outside it described in vivid detail – his trip to a remote area in New South Wales, to the Sydney Aquarium, to a clown circus, and to several well described parks, in one of which another body is discovered. Nesbo does provide enough blood and thunder to keep readers reading, however, even when they may wonder where the plot is going. The dialogue is sometimes unrealistic, with one character often expounding for a long paragraph before he is interrupted by another character, who answers in another long paragraph, rather than conveying information through the give and take of normal conversation, as Nesbo does in later novels.

One reference gave me long pause in the course of the novel. After Harry has discussed an accident in which he, as a youth, was responsible for a death, and for which he has never been punished, he refers to Charles Van Doren, a (real) American professor and scion of a famous intellectual family, who in 1957 won the equivalent of over a million dollars on the American TV quiz show “Twenty-One.” Van Doren confessed, in 1959, to a US House Subcommittee on Congressional Oversight, that the producers of the show had given him the questions in advance. Though I could identify with Harry’s statement that “I think people feel a kind of need for punishment when they can no longer accept their own actions,” I could not understand what would have made Nesbo include this particular reference as a parallel for Harry’s sense of guilt in this 1997 novel, almost forty years later. I later discovered that the film “Quiz Show,” released in 1994, not the original events, must have been the inspiration for this odd choice of image.

For those who have enjoyed other, later Nesbo novels, this one is worth reading, but if you have not yet discovered Jo Nesbo, my suggestion is that you start with The Redbreast, probably Nesbo’s most interesting and challenging thriller and go forward from there. It is set in Norway, the country Nesbo knows best.

Also by Nesbo:  THE DEVIL’S STAR (2005),      HEADHUNTERS (2008, not part of Harry Hole series),      THE LEOPARD (2011),     NEMESIS (2008),    PHANTOM (2012),       THE REDBREAST (2006),       THE REDEEMER (2009),      THE SNOWMAN (2010),       POLICE,       THE BAT, COCKROACHES (1998),      THE SON (2014),       BLOOD ON SNOW (2015),      MIDNIGHT SUN (2016),     THE THIRST (2017),     KNIFE (2019)

 

Photos, in order: The author’s photo is from http://article.wn.com

Boxing is a big sport among Aborigine youth.  The photo here is from http://www.abc.net.au

The police are now actively recruiting aborigine men to act on behalf of the Australian Police.  This photo and the story related to it is found on http://www.northernstar.com.au

Harry and his girlfriend visit the Sydney Aquarium in the middle of one night.  The Great White is one of the most famous exhibits in the underwater tunnel: http://www.cityknown.com

Centennial Park in Sydney is seen here:  http://www.last.fm

THE BAT
REVIEW. Norway, Australia, Mystery, Thriller, Noir, Nordic Noir, Norway, Social and Political Issues
Written by: Jo Nesbo
Published by: Vintage; Original edition (
Edition: Vintage Crime/Black Lizard
ISBN: : 978-0345807090
Available in: Ebook Paperback Hardcover

Note: This novel is WINNER of the National Book Award for Fiction, 2012.

“Your people were brought together by us buffalo once.  You knew how to hunt and use us.  …[You had] rules that respected us and forced you to work together.  Now we are gone, but…the round house will be my body, the poles my ribs, the fire my heart.  It will be the body of your mother and it must be respected the same way.” –Old Female Buffalo, speaking to Nanapush, who then instructed his people how to build the round house.

Author Louise Erdrich, a member of the Turtle Mountain band of Chippewa (Ojibwa) Native Americans, here writes one of her most powerful and emotionally involving novels.  Though it starts as a crime story on the reservation, it quickly becomes an intense search for justice on all levels.  As in Erdrich’s other novels, it also develops into an examination of the lives of her characters, both old and young, as they face the challenges of reservation life.  Their lives, as she shows in this novel, are seriously restricted by 1988, when this novel’s action takes place, far more restricted than they were even two generations ago, and totally different from life at the turn of the 20th century when the Chippewa still controlled wide swathes of the northern boundary of the United States and Canada.  The buffalo on which they once depended for sustenance have become extinct in the wild, and the federal government of the United States has systematically appropriated nearly all the lands which the Chippewa and their ancestors once controlled and roamed at will.

Native Americans who want to honor the “old ways” on the reservation must now survive on infertile lands which cannot support them.  Their culture has been seriously compromised by the arrival of dedicated Catholic priests who have weaned them away from the myths and traditions which have always provided a cultural center, sense of meaning, and shared heritage among them.  Legal jurisdiction over crimes involving Native Americans is also an issue, since tribal officials, state police, and even the FBI all have interests in areas in which crimes are perpetrated by whites against Native Americans and vice versa.  The cultural bases for many “laws” held as inviolable by each group are not always compatible, and many on the reservation, discouraged, are unable to find much reason to hope for improvement in the future, often finding solace in television, drugs, sex, and alcohol.

Typical Round House

In a powerful opening scene, filled with symbols and portents, thirteen-year-old Antone Basil Coutts (Joe), only child and namesake of Judge Coutts and his wife Geraldine, is helping his father to pull tiny seedlings from cracks in the foundation of their house.  They are awaiting Geraldine’s return from the office, where she works recording the genealogies of the members of their band of Chippewa, keeping track of marriages, births, who is living there, and who has moved away.  When she finally arrives at home, she is almost unrecognizable, so badly beaten she can hardly see, reeking of gasoline and so traumatized by rape and other crimes against her that she has become mute.  She claims not to know who has committed this crime or where it took place, hiding out in her room after she is released from the hospital and refusing to leave.  The boy, known as Joe to his friends and “Oops” to some of his relatives, knows that it will be up to him and his father to try to find out who has done this.  They begin to study cases in which his father has been involved to look for clues.

The RedCliff Band from Lake Superior shows some of the same sacred images as are prominent in this novel

In the meantime, Joe and his friends begin to look around on their own, and they discover where the crime may have taken place.  Eventually, he and his father realize that the crime was almost certainly committed by a white man.  The perpetrator has a long history of crimes, but he has never been convicted of them.  As they investigate further, they discover that the crime against Geraldine is even bigger than they had imagined, involving two other innocent females, now missing.

Joe, despite his drive to catch the criminal, is still a child, and his empathetic father wants to protect him as much as possible.  Joe, however, is obsessed with getting his mother “back,” determined to find and punish the rapist on his own.  These tensions add drama and meaning to the novel, and Joe’s contacts with others, both in his family and outside it, expand the scope.  The sweat lodge ceremony is described, the extortion of elderly Indians by a white-owned supermarket on Indian land is detailed, the raucous and sexy (and hilarious) talk of elderly family members is recorded, the “flirting” of a stripper living with Joe’s uncle is tension-filled and emotional, the appearance of ghosts to Joe, and the efforts of a local priest, a former soldier who was injured in Lebanon in 1983 in the attack on the U.S. Embassy, are all described to powerful effect, keeping the interest and involvement of the reader at high pitch.

Young powwow dancer participates in the Honor the Earth ceremony of 2009.

Joe’s own search for peace eventually takes him to the lake and an almost magical episode with a heron, one of the sacred animals to him, while the story of Nanapush and Mooshum and the Old Buffalo Woman, telling them to build the round house, add character and depth to the narrative.  Many side stories, some of them very funny, fill in the thematic elements, and the conclusion is unforgettable, complex and loving, however filled with terror. Erdrich, wisely, never lets her reader forget that Joe and his friends are very young teenagers, their mistakes, some of them serious, those of naivete, innocence, and the belief that justice just HAS to prevail if the world is going to be a place they want to inhabit.

Ojibwe children participate in traditional ceremonial dress.

Erdrich has always provided a sense of continuity among her fourteen novels by connecting many characters in successive plots.  Here she includes episodes from the life of the priestly Nanapush (from Tracks), who was an inspiration to Mooshum, thought now to be one hundred six years old in this novel.  Mooshum, whose story is told here, was also a main character in The Plague of Doves, a book which also includes Judge Antone Basil Coutts, father of this novel’s main character Joe, and Corwin Peace, father of Joe’s friend Zach.  By repeating these characters through successive generations, Erdrich provides a kind of genealogy and sense of history which add to the sense of time and place, and highlight the changes, not all of them good, taking place within the community.  The novel, one of Erdrich’s best, will keep serious readers totally engaged, even as those interested in just a “good story” will celebrate the action, excitement, and important issues it raises.

ALSO by Erdrich:  THE PAINTED DRUM,     SHADOW TAG,    LAROSE,     THE SENTENCE

Photos, in order: The author’s photo by Paul Emmell appears on http://www.tpt.org

The photo of the round house by Deanne Fitzmaurice is from a different Indian group from that of this novel, but the description of its hexagonal structure is compatible with the description in The Round House. http://www.sfgate.com

The action of this novel takes place in North Dakota, not Wisconsin, where the Red Cliff Band lives, but I’ve included it here because the heron, the dolphin, and the eagle, pictured here, also have symbolic significance to Joe and his band in N Dakota. http://redcliff-nsn.gov

The young pow wow dancer (by Amy Puzia) is participating in the Honor the Earth Pow Wow from 2009:
http://www.fotopedia.com

The Ojibwe (Chippewa) children participating in a pow wow are wearing their traditional costumes.
http://redcliff-nsn.gov

THE ROUND HOUSE
REVIEW. Book Club Suggestions, Coming-of-age, Literary, Native American, Psychological study, Social and Political Issues
Written by: Louise Erdrich
Published by: Harper Perennial
Edition: Reprint edition.
ISBN: 978-0062065254
Available in: Ebook Paperback Hardcover

“[The camorristi] have nothing to lose…They face off regularly with people who don’t want to lose their comfortable evenings watching TV, their enjoyable Saturday afternoons at the trattoria, their two weeks paid holiday at the beach, and that’s enough to make [the camorristi] seem invincible.  I can’t see a solution [to this problem], but a thought does begin to surface.  A camorrista should never take on someone else who, like him, has nothing to lose.  He should never take on, for instance, us.”—Diego, referring to the Neapolitan Mafia, who have demanded protection money from him and his partners.

When three middle-aged losers independently and simultaneously show up to look at an old farmhouse for sale in the countryside of Campania, outside of Naples, each sees it for its potential as a Bed and Breakfast retreat.  For each of these men, creating such a retreat would represent a whole new way of life, one far more satisfying than anything he has known to date.  None of them can afford this dream, however.  Though they do not know each other, they are (barely) smart enough to realize that the only way any of them can afford to participate in the B & B project, is to pool their resources and buy it together.  Within a month, this disparate group has signed the papers together and received the keys to a farm that someone else once tried to restore but has abandoned.  They do not recognize that there may have been good reasons that the previous owners gave up.

The three new owners have varied backgrounds:  Claudio, short and timid, has been managing the family business, an all-purpose market started by his grandfather in 1910, but even he can see that it is “wilting and dying under [his own] leadership.”  His wife has left him for another man, and he is now divorced and lonely.  Fausto, a bodybuilder, has been selling “Swiss” watches on the internet, aided by Sergio who is in charge of Fausto’s “televised home shopping” advertising.  Diego, the primary voice of the novel, is a car salesman who has recently reconnected with his dying father, becoming a devoted caregiver to him and discovering a kind of sensitivity he has never known he possessed.   These three main characters are all lonely, single men anxious to make a change in their lives, and each believes that he has some unique talents for restoring the old farmhouse:  Claudio’s father was a carpenter, Fausto’s was a plumber, and Diego’s was an electrician.  None of them seem to realize that watching their fathers perform these tasks is different from doing it themselves, and they are determined to do it themselves.

Almost immediately, they are visited by Vito, a low-level representative of the Neapolitan Mafia (the Camorra), who has arrived in his Alfa Romeo Guilia 1300.  Vito, in his seventies, is also lonely, the Camorra representing family to him.  Fearful of what will happen if Vito returns to tell his bosses that the newcomers will not agree to the demands for protection money, the newcomers come up with a unique “solution,”  the same one that they use a few weeks later when two young thugs arrive on motorcycles to demand the same protection money.  No one in town misses these low level Mafia representatives when they disappear, and the busy restorers are completely “innocent” when they are visited and questioned many weeks later.   The restoration of the farmhouse continues but becomes increasingly complicated as the men need permits and help getting the farmhouse ready to accept guests for the Christmas holidays.

Author Fabio Bartolomei, in this debut novel, puts his talents in communications to good use here.  An expert in advertising, he knows how to capture the interest of his audience and keep it involved.  The novel is exceptionally visual, filled with sight gags which the reader can easily imagine and which beg to be captured on film.  The physical differences among the characters themselves, as they are described here, set them up for especially memorable confrontations, conflicts, and unexpected surprises, and one can only imagine the fun it would be for actors playing the roles of these characters to have the chance to act out the issues involving the B&B in the Campania countryside, the issues of love which arise as the novel moves forward, the thematic development which occurs as the characters begin to discover who they really are, and the growing self-awareness which occurs among the characters as the novel progresses.

I found the novel slow to develop in the first hundred pages, but once the characters owned the farm and began work on the B&B, the book took off, becoming a fast-moving and very funny novel, filled with surprises and wonderful plot twists.  Clever and well developed, the book is great fun for those who are looking for a different kind of novel, a welcome break from the bleak and often depressing noir novels which have also been coming from Italy recently.  If this were summer, I would say that this is the perfect “beach read,” full of fun, very funny, and often exciting, but since this is the beginning of winter, I’d have to say that it is a good book to curl up with on a cold, wet afternoon, in front of a roaring fire.  Readers will want pay particular attention to the titles of the last three chapters, each of which is from the point of view of a different main character.  The cumulative effect of these chapters provides a conclusion which will delight readers during the short, dark days of winter.

Photos, in order: The author’s photo appears on http://unbuonlibrounottimoamico.wordpress.com

This sixteenth century farmhouse in the Lazio (Campania) countryside, restored in 2006, now a B&B, might have been the model for this novel.  http://www.deliciousitaly.com

This green Alfa Romeo Giulia is from 1973, a car similar to that belonging to Vito, the camorrista who greets the restorers of the farmhouse when they first begin work.  http://www.collectioncar.com

ARC: Europa

“They’re elephant keepers.  That’s Mother and Father’s problem.  They’re elephant keepers without knowing it…They want to know what God really is; they want to meet God, and that is why it is so important to be sure He is in the sacraments…It is this yearning that has given them that sorrowful look around the eyes, and it is a yearning as big as an elephant, and we can see that it will never be fulfilled…We have seen their private elephant in its natural size.”

Danish author Peter Hoeg can never be accused of “writing the same book twice.”  This one, like its predecessors, is completely different from all his other novels.  Smilla’s Sense of Snow is an exotic thriller; Borderliners (my personal favorite) is a complex experimental novel of psychological suspense with a disturbed main character; The Woman and the Ape is an unusual love story which draws on the close genetic (and presumably emotional) connections between species; The Quiet Girl is a philosophical, impressionistic story in which a circus clown works with mysterious nuns to find some kidnapped children, their fates somehow connected to the science of sound.

In The Elephant Keeper’s Children, Hoeg continues his focus on philosophy, this time dealing with the search for faith and meaning through an exploration of life and its parallel search for love and happiness – be it through Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, or Judaism.  He does this, not as the main focus of the novel, but as part of the backstory involving three children who are searching for their mother and father, who have disappeared.  Their father is the pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark on the island of Fino, where they all live, and their mother, the organist, is a mechanical genius with a gift for invention beyond what anyone in their congregation can imagine.  The result is a farcical, picaresque story of chases and escapes in which the fourteen-year-old main character (named Peter, in typically Hoeg fashion, suggesting issues the character might have in common with those of the author, on some level), along with his sixteen-year-old sister Tilde and terrier dog Basker, sets out to find their parents, sometimes aided by Hans, their older brother who is studying away from home.  They know they must find their parents themselves before they are remanded to a children’s home by adults who seem to fear what they might do if left alone.

Along the way, they are aided or hindered by a wild assortment of characters with names reflecting the oddity of life on Fino:  Bodil Hippopotamus, the municipal director of the commune where they live;  Alexander Beastly Flounderblood, the new replacement for the headmaster at Peter’s school; Anaflabia Borderrud, the Bishop of Grena; and Leonora Ticklepalate, the head nun of a Buddhist community, computer genius, and counselor in a program that offers sexual-cultural coaching.   Polly Pigonia heads the Hindu community and runs the main branch of Fino Bank, while Sinbad Al-Babblab is the imam of the Muslim community.  Albert Winehappy, a man with many secrets, is believed to be an elephant keeper, and Pallas Athene runs an upscale brothel “themed on the Greek Mysteries” which services both men and women.

The children learn than their parents are not at La Gomera, a place they love in the Canary Islands.

All these characters will gather in Copenhagen where Sven Sewerman, a contractor who has renovated most of the sewers in Jutland, one of the wealthiest men on the island, is sponsoring a religious synod at a famous castle.  In addition to the meetings of all the religious groups and an attempt to create peace among them, the synod will also involve a display of religious artifacts, including jewel-encrusted crucifixes.  Four “floaters,” three men and one woman, may be terrorists planning havoc at the synod – unless they are stopped – and the issue of guns and explosives and who has them lurks as a threat as the plans for the synod progress.

As for where and how Peter and Tilde and Basker fit into all this craziness as they search for their parents….  The children have discovered some secret rooms and secret information in the elaborate rectory where they have lived with their parents, and as they investigate in an effort to find them, they begin to learn more about the past.  Suddenly, they begin to question just why their parents have disappeared, remembering the last time they disappeared, and their eventual return home in a Maserati, with Mother wearing a mink coat.  The children fear their parents have big plans for the synod.

A Maserati, similar to the one which the parents drove home from a previous "disappearance."

If all this sounds wild and wacky, it is.  By far Hoeg’s lightest and most cartoon-like creation, the novel begs to be made into a slapstick comedy, the philosophical overlay seemingly imposed for “depth” and relevance.  Issues of sex and computer encryption as an unusual path that leads “deep inside human beings” parallel the religious threads, and when Tilde herself is kidnapped, the plot, for all its wild forays into new directions, is brought to its conclusion, full of surprises.  As time passes and lives change, Peter gradually matures during his “adventures,” and he eventually concludes that “the self is a room inside the prison, a room that will always be different from other rooms. For this reason the self will in some way always be alone, and always inside the building of which is it a part…As long as you’re a room, you’re imprisoned.  But there’s a way out, and it’s not through a door, because no door exists to be open.  All you have to do is see the opening.”

Tivoli Castle, Copenhagen

Hopeful and upbeat, this novel attempts to deal with big issues within a plot that never stops churning, the action progressing at warp speed throughout and sometimes leaving the reader breathless.  The characters move too fast to allow for much contemplation of their inner characters, and the conclusion, which tries to bridge the gap between the wild ride of the action and the philosophical ideas which act as the anchor, feels contrived to make a statement.  As the characters “go off into the sunset,” the reader may be left with some questions about how successfully the author has integrated their story with its thematic underpinnings, but happy to have taken this offbeat trip with him.

Also by Peter Hoeg:  THE QUIET GIRL, THE WOMAN AND THE APE (on Amazon)

Photos, in order: The photo of the author by Janerik Henriksson appears on http://sverigesradio.se

La Gomera in the Canary Islands is shown here: http://oursurprisingworld.com

The Maserati photo may be found on http://www.caricos.com

Tivoli Castle in Copenhagen  is from http://www.fanpop.com/

ARC: Other Press

Marie Arana–CELLOPHANE

“As rain forest Indians like to say: A man steps into the universe because he is summoned. The spirits call. Motion begins. Fate ravels. Once he is in, there is no turning back: He is the spark between no being and being, between vacuum and life—between the silence and the story.”

When he is just a boy in Trujillo, Peru, Victor Sobrevilla Paniagua has his fortune told one Sunday in the plaza just outside the local basilica. A dwarf fortune-teller, with a miniature cathedral on his cart, has trained a monkey to draw fortunes from small drawers in the façade of the little cathedral. When Victor and his aunt receive his fortune, they see no ironies in the fact that Don Victor had just gone to Mass and confession and that this fortune is drawn from a toy cathedral by a monkey. Both Victor and his aunt believe the destiny inscribed on the small pink paper: “Beware! There are those who think you a dreamer. Pay them no mind. They are small-minded people… who would have you doubt your goals.”

The paper further advises Victor to pray to the Virgin of Copacabana, a mysterious saint not included in his education at the local convent school, so that he will prevail against the difficulties he will face. “There will come a day,” the fortune says, “when you face something dire, for which you cannot prepare… Fight with all your will… Or fly above it, see its God-given value, surrender to a greater force.”

Saving the fortune and consulting it occasionally, Victor eventually goes to engineering school, doing his apprenticeship with a papermaker. When a sugar refinery goes bankrupt, Victor dismantles its machinery and ships the parts by barge deep into the Peruvian rain forest, where dense and varied plant materials provide unlimited raw materials for paper making. Employing local workers, Victor builds a paper factory which becomes the center of a small community—Floralinda—and meets with much success, just as his fortune has foretold.

All is well with Don Victor’s world—until he makes his “greatest” discovery. In 1952, he discovers, amid dark portents, how to make strong cellophane. This discovery leads to the fulfillment of the dire predictions of the second half of his childhood fortune—and to the action of this novel, which is
divided into three “plagues.” A “plague of truth” follows the discovery of cellophane, as each character, including the priest, confesses his/her romantic indiscretions, all of course kept hidden. A “plague of hearts” follows, with each person pursuing new love or rekindling old love. Ultimately, a “plague of revolution” comes to Floralinda, as government soldiers invade Floralinda, and local workers blame Don Victor and his cellophane for these troubles and the bloody battles which result. Ironies abound.

Rich and atmospheric, Cellophane, the debut novel of author/editor/ journalist Marie Arana, is a consummately “Latin American” novel, very much in the tradition of Gabriel Garcia Marquez (which the author must be tired of hearing, by now), though there is less “magical realism.” Detailing the lives of Don Victor, his wife, their children, spouses, lovers, and servants, Arana creates vibrant portraits of those who have chosen to leave the city for a more “authentic” life in the deepest jungle, along with those who have lived there all their lives. As one might expect, the Catholicism of the “civilized” cities often runs counter to the belief in a vibrant spirit world by the native inhabitants, with the tension between reality and spirit infusing the action throughout.  The whole concept of cellophane itself, an artificial material through which one can see the reality inside, parallels many of the conflicts within the novel and within Don Victor.

Virgin of Copacabana

Considered a “shape-changer” because of his ability to create new materials, Don Victor practices the local religion, not Catholicism, and regularly visits a curandero (healer) where he ingests hallucinogens as an act of purification. Other characters, some of them devout Catholics, show the “interconnectedness of all things” by accepting treatment from a local curandero, treasuring magic talismans (such as the hat of an ancestor), believing prophetic dreams, and, deep in the jungle, making unexpected discoveries about themselves, the spirit world, and the unity of life.

Expansive in scope and theme but magnificently controlled in its execution, Cellophane is thoroughly entertaining, filled with humor and irony and many hilarious scenes. Within her warm humor, Arana deals with themes of creativity and the spirit, love and responsibility, society vs. solitude, liberty vs. autocracy, and the conflict between new and old ways of living. Swirling from present to past and back, as the characters’ backgrounds and action combine, Arana develops engaging characters and the fully drawn community of Floralinda, creating a novel that lovers of literary fiction will celebrate.

Photos, in order: The author’s photo appears on http://appserv02.uncw.edu

A primitive, painted medallion of the Virgin of Copacabana, is on display at the Brooklyn Museum.

Don Victor’s cellophane factory may have resembled this detail of a cellophane factory built in 1927 by DuPont,  along a river near Richmond, Virginia.
http://www2.dupont.com.


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