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Boxes within boxes, dolls within dolls, worlds within worlds. Everything was connected. Everything in the whole world.”

In a book that is pure unadulterated fun, Kate Atkinson creates her second Jackson Brodie mystery (2006), featuring a series of bizarre characters, all involved with murder–either planning it, committing it, or trying to avoid it. Many seemingly unrelated characters, involved in several seemingly unrelated plot lines, make their appearance in the first fifty pages. During the four days in which the novel takes place, however, these characters and plots start to overlap and eventually come together, until, at the end, the reader is smiling with pleasure at the brilliant plotting and ironic twists of fate–full of admiration for Atkinson’s skill in bringing it all together with such panache.

In the main plot line, an Edinburgh automobile accident leaves “Paul Bradley,” a mysterious man and innocent victim, at the mercy of a crazed, baseball bat-wielding Honda driver. A witness, Martin Canning, the timid writer of Nina Riley mystery stories, reacts instinctively to the impending carnage, hurling his laptop at the Honda driver and saving “Paul Bradley” from certain death. A second set of characters revolves around Graham Hatter, the wealthy developer of Hatter Homes, who is in trouble for bribery, money laundering, and fraud in the building of cheap tract houses.

Jackson Brodie, former cop and private investigator, in Edinburgh for a drama festival in which his girlfriend is involved, introduces a third plot line when he discovers a woman’s body on the rocks beside the ocean. It washes out to sea, nearly drowning him when he tries to retrieve it. Sgt. Louise Monroe, who lives in one of the Hatter Homes and whose son is a petty thief, is assigned to investigate the report of the body Brodie claims to have seen. Additional threads involve a housecleaning company/escort service, a second-rate comedian who “comes to dinner,” and events which took place in Russia some years ago.

Full family backgrounds and work histories are given for all the characters, and it is through these that the reader often detects some of their interconnections. Ironies abound, and as characters’ dreams are revealed and their fantasies are explored, the reader comes to know them–until Atkinson reveals even more surprises and shows how much we have yet to learn. With action that comes fast and furious, devious plot twists, and deliciously dark humor, Atkinson crafts a novel that proves one of Jackson Brodie’s maxims: “A coincidence is just an explanation waiting to happen.” By the end of this novel, all the explanations have happened.  A terrific novel which expands on the character of Jackson Brodie.

Note: The author’s photo is from her Amazon.co.uk Author page.

ALSO part of the Jackson Brodie series:  CASE HISTORIES (#1),     WHEN WILL THERE BE GOOD NEWS (#3),     STARTED EARLY, TOOK MY DOG (#4),     BIG SKY (#5)  

LIFE AFTER LIFE,      A GOD IN RUINS,      TRANSCRIPTION

“There was nothing [in Cambridge] for him, just bad memories and a past he could never undo, and what was the point anyway when France was laid out on the other side of the channel like an exotic patchwork of sunflowers and grapevines and little cafes where he could sit all afternoon drinking local wine and bitter espressos and smoking Gitanes…and he would be happy. Which was exactly the opposite of how he felt now.”–about Jackson Brodie.

Jackson Brodie, a former police inspector turned private investigator, is investigating three old cases, which soon begin to converge and then overlap. Three-year-old Olivia Land disappeared without a trace thirty-five years ago while sleeping in a tent with one of her sisters, two of whom have hired Jackson to find out what happened to her. Theo Wyre has hired him to investigate the death of his daughter Laura, his much-loved 18-year-old daughter, who was slashed and killed by a maniac ten years before while working in her father’s office. Theo, having spent ten years accumulating information, has turned over a roomful of files to Jackson. Shirley Morrison, Jackson’s third client, is trying to locate her sister and her niece. Her sister Michelle, married at eighteen and living with her husband and screaming daughter on an isolated farm, has vanished from Shirley’s life, and after twenty-five years, Shirley wants to find her.

Scottish author Kate Atkinson introduces these characters—in this first Jackson Brodie novel (2004)– and sets up their cases at the outset of the novel, creating suspenseful and dramatic tales which pique the reader’s interest in the characters and their lives, especially the female characters. Most have faced traumatic events and suffered through less than ideal childhoods, which unfold inexorably as Atkinson introduces greater complexity through Jackson’s investigations of their lives. Not a linear narrative, the novel focuses on different characters in successive chapters, moving back and forth in time to provide background and to set up the overlaps which eventually occur among the cases. The characters are sometimes bizarre, baffling, and even unsympathetic, but they are always memorable for their behavior and their justifications for it, and the reader will have no difficulty keeping track of them.

Filled with ironies and noir humor, the novel also reflects Atkinson’s astute observation of social interactions, as she skewers some aspects of her characters’ lives at the same time that she manages to create interest and even sympathy for them. While the first two case histories—that of the missing Olivia and the murdered Laura—are genuinely sad and regarded overall as tragedies, the story of Michelle Fletcher, and peripherally, her sister Shirley, is much darker, and even a bit cynical. Though the reader sees overlaps between the first two cases, this additional case remains undeveloped for much of the novel. Neither Michelle nor Shirley elicits much empathy after the opening chapter, but the occasional interjection of their story line stirs up the action, changes the pace, and keeps the novel from being overly melodramatic. Atkinson’s eventual revelations about Michelle’s life, apart from Shirley, provide Atkinson with some of her best opportunities for social satire and wit in the latter stage of the novel.

A detailed analysis of the plot is impossible here without giving away some of the clever twists and turns in this engaging and often very funny novel. With irony at the forefront, Atkinson saves the biggest noir twists for last. The cases, as they have been presented to us at the beginning of the novel, are, in fact, all “solved” by Jackson. But in a supreme irony, they aren’t really solved. At least five important “loose ends” regarding the perpetrators in these cases of murder and disappearance remain, showing that even murder cases are not as “cut and dried” as one might expect.

Notes:  The author’s photo is from http://www.bbc.co.uk

Also by Atkinson,  ONE GOOD TURN (#2 in the series),      WHEN WILL THERE BE GOOD NEWS (#3),         STARTED EARLY, TOOK MY DOG (#4)  ,   BIG SKY (#5)

LIFE AFTER LIFE,      A GOD IN RUINS,      TRANSCRIPTION

Rana Dasgupta–SOLO

Note: This novel was WINNER of The Commonwealth Writers Prize (UK) in 2010.

“Remembering has its own pleasure, like spreading wings.  The mind unfurls and proclaims its own sensuality—and sometimes it does not matter if the memory is bleak.”

Usually when I read a novel described as “controversial,” I find myself seeing both sides of the controversy and writing about both sides when I write a review.  With this novel, however, I was so exhilarated at the author’s bold originality, his ability to juggle his characters’ vibrant and creative inner lives while also examining the depressing circumstances under which they have lived, the sweeping historical scope which includes the entire twentieth century, and his total control of language with all its potential to amaze with its images and ideas, that this review will be, I hope, a celebration of one of the best and most innovative books I have read in a long time.

Daringly experimental, the book appears, superficially, to be two separate novels, but though it does fall into two parts, these two parts represent the two parts of our lives, the world of reality and the world of the imagination;  here the events of the imaginative second part are a direct outcome of events from the first part, with clear parallels.  As the main character remarks, “There is far more to us than what we live…Life happens in a certain place for a certain time.  But there is a great surplus left over, and where will we stow it but in our dreams?”  Here author Rana Dasgupta shows that even a main character like this one, who appears to be a stodgy and uninteresting plodder, may have a vibrant fantasy world which keeps him alive when there is little else left in his world to provide inspiration and satisfaction.

Ulrich, the Bulgarian main character, is almost a hundred years old as the novel opens.  Blind, impoverished (after all the failed economic experiments of the various governments in Bulgaria), and alone, he spends his days looking out a window from which he cannot see anything, though he can hear the shouting and banging at the bus terminal outside his window and smell the fumes from the wall below him, which is used by “all the men who pass through the bus station.”  His inner world, however, is lively and filled with events, real and imagined.  “He knows that no living person is interested in his thoughts.  But he has survived a long time, and he does not want to end with a mindless falling-off.”

Gradually, his past unfolds, and the reader comes to know the pivotal events in his life.  A lover of music who had hoped to study violin, he switches to chemistry after his father angrily destroys his instrument, going to Berlin to study science until he runs out of money.  There, however, he sees Albert Einstein, for whom he picks up some dropped papers, and is rewarded with the statement, “I am nothing without you,” a statement which haunts him till the end of his days.  As a chemist, Ulrich dreams of someday finding something that will change the world forever.  Only in his dreams is he able to be the musician that he believes himself to be at heart.  Back home in Sofia, his best friend Boris exposes him to new ideas, as the post World War I political tumult unfolds.  Boris, a talented violinist, is also a communist at a time when the fascists are vying for power.  The fascist coup (1934) is superseded by the entrance of the Russians and their takeover of the government (1944).  Ulrich eventually achieves a high position in the Kremikovtzi Steel Works, a company built by the Russians (1959) and which pollutes the land, rivers, and air for the rest of the century.

When Ulrich is blinded in an experiment, he retires.  Already nearly seventy, he remembers something Einstein said, when considering his own death, “I feel such solidarity with all things that it does not matter where the individual begins and ends.”  Ulrich, too, senses an expanding of his spirit upon his retirement and the approach of his old age.  “When his mind is particularly aware, Ulrich can sense the great black ocean of forgotten things, and, ignoring his beginning and end, he casts off into it.  Everything he has known has drained, over time, from the actual world into this ocean, and he is blissful in the endless oblivion.”

Obviously, the plot described above is more philosophical and historical than it is psychological, emotional, or exciting.  These pages, however, set up the second part of the novel, which begins at the halfway point of the book, the book of Ulrich’s memories and wild fantasies.  Here a young man, Petar, much like Ulrich in size and personality, lives on a pig farm, where he eventually has a son named Boris.  Boris, an instinctive musician, teaches himself to play the violin, learns from the gypsies, and enjoys his music.  Succeeding chapters introduce other characters, such as Khatuna, a beautiful and very ambitious woman, and her sensitive poet brother, Irakli, who bring the country’s history and the collapse of communism up to date.  Eventually, these two meet up with Boris, the violinist from the pig farm, and move from Tblisi to New York.  The two artists, Boris and Irakli, are the vehicles through which the author comments on the art scene, its commercialization, and its parasites, like agent/manager Plastic Munari.  Even the seemingly idyllic world of music and poetry has its down side.

When Boris, “the son of [Ulrich’s] daydreams,” faces the death of a friend, Ulrich enters the story himself to offer advice.  In a passage of extraordinary beauty and sensitivity, one of the high points of the novel for me, Ulrich says, “[Your friend] will find his way inside you, and you’ll carry him onward.  Behind your heartbeat, you’ll hear another one, faint and out of step…Gradually, you’ll grow older than him, and love him as your son.  You’ll live astride the line that separates life from death.  You’ll become experienced in the wisdom of grief.  You won’t wait until people die to grieve for them; you’ll give them their grief while they are still alive, for then judgment falls away, and there remains only the miracle of being.”  A fine definition of love from a thoughtful and gifted author, not yet forty, in a book that I found riveting.

Photos, in order:  The author’s photo is from his Amazon Author Page.

The self-portrait of Geo Milev, one of Ulrich’s friends, shows his expressionistic style.  Milev, a communist who is a peripheral character here, was arrested and executed after the St. Nedelya bombing in 1925, which killed over a hundred high-ranking army members  attending a funeral. His haircut hides his missing eye, lost fighting for his country in World War I.  See http://en.wikipedia.org

The bombed out St. Nedelya Church, 1925:  http://en.wikipedia.org

The Kremikovtzi Steel Works, built by the Soviets in 1959, where Ulrich works for many years.  The works shut down some facilities and eventually closed in 2008, “because it did not have the raw materials needed to keep them going.”  http://sofiaecho.com.

The final photo is of Bulgarian violin virtuoso Svetlin Russev, with his four-hundred-year-old violin. I imagine Boris as resembling him.:  http://paper.standartnews.com

“I’ve got a death wish, haven’t I?  Seeking out danger.  Any excuse to put myself in the path of pain. The [PI] business can eat your life.  Best if you do not have one to start with.”–J McNee

Having recovered physically but not emotionally from an accident which cost the life of his fiancée, followed by a downward spiral which led to his breaking of a superior officer’s nose, J McNee has wisely left the CID and has been working as a private investigator in his home town of Dundee, Scotland.  Morose and cynical, he suffers from agonizing psychosomatic injuries which sometimes nearly paralyze him as a result of the violence of his past life.  When he is asked to investigate a missing person by reporter Cameron Connolly, a wheelchair-bound man whose spine was broken by members of the local drug trade which he had been investigating, McNee takes the job, “off the books,” working in parallel with the Dundee CID.  The missing person is Mary Furst, a fourteen-year-old girl, a promising student and artist, who is also the god-daughter of David Burns, a thug who is “knuckle deep in drug money, extortion, rackets, underground deals, and blackmail.”  Detective Constable Ernie Bright, a man who had trained McNee at CID and who still hopes he will return to the force, is his contact there, though he will work most closely with Susan Bright, Ernie’s daughter.

As he investigates the circumstances surrounding the disappearance of young Mary, McNee concentrates first on her home life, chatting with her mother, who “might have been attractive if it wasn’t for the fact she appeared so close to death,” then her room, and finally her computer.  He soon discovers the name of her boyfriend and an unusually large number of e-mails to and from Deborah Brown, her art teacher.  Hints about a strange relationship between these two are rampant at their school, and Mary’s former boyfriend indicates that she broke up with him after becoming very friendly with Ms. Brown.  Eventually, McNee becomes embroiled in every aspect of Mary’s family life, the relationship of her parents, her early childhood, her closeness to her crime lord/godfather, and her mother’s problems.  An investigation of Deborah Brown also reveals that she, too, suffers from severe psychological issues.  When McNee repeatedly fails to obey his better judgment that certain aspects of the case would be better investigated by the police, he sets up the circumstances that lead to a dark and bloody conclusion.

Written in a straightforward, almost hard-boiled style, McNee tells his own story in a first person narrative which is much more psychological in approach than most other noir novels.  McNee has to deal with his own problems and then apply his insights to the problems of other characters in the novel.  As one of his colleagues tells him, “You’re a man with a conscience and a code and all that other bollocks, but you’re also a man who drags his own disaster around with him like a wrecking ball.  You want to help people.  But you can’t.  Can’t even help your…self.”

Coincidence plays a role here as the cast of characters expands to include art teacher Deborah Brown’s long-term lover, who suddenly shows up to offer help to McNee, and McNee accidentally discovers that a respected member of the police force may have an unsavory relationship with organized crime.  The backgrounds of all the characters unfold through interviews, which are efficient in giving a great deal of pertinent information, though they create numerous situations in which the author/narrator is “telling about” things that have happened instead of revealing information through the action, which would involve the reader more directly.  Some information about Dundee itself provides a bit of local color and atmosphere, though the story does not depend on it for interest.

The action that does occur, though violent and unexpected, is consistent with the black-and-white issues that underlie the plot, and though the use of psychological angles provides some depth, the novel itself is straightforward and uncomplicated—clever and compressed, rather than elegant or subtle.  The grand finale, which is easy to imagine as an action film, takes place at an atmosphere-filled location in the Scottish countryside, and should satisfy all readers of noir fiction.  As McNee himself says in conclusion, “The number one rule of police work, the unwritten one.  Not just on the Job but for life: No one knows anything. Everything is deceit and turnaround.  Expectations count for shite.”

Photos, in order: The author’s photo appears on his Amazon Author Page.

The photo of the Tayside police station in Dundee is from http://news.bbc.co.uk

The “wee bothy,” shown here and where the grand finale might have taken place, is in Raasay, overlooking the Isle of Skye:  http://backpackingbongos.wordpress.com

“He wanted only one thing, to honour Arabic script, that divine invention that made a few written characters into oceans, deserts, and mountains, that moved the heart and inspired the mind…Script was a goddess, and only a man who gave up everything for it would be let into Paradise.”—passing thoughts of Hamid Farsi.

Set in Damascus, Syria, from 1931 through 1956,  The Calligrapher’s Secret seems, on the surface, to be an impressionistic and romantic novel which strolls at its own leisurely pace, dropping in on first one character and then another, moving back and forth in time and across ethnic, religious, and social groups.  Several main characters and families share their lives and problems, and, in the process, convey an intimate picture of life in Damascus, filled with vibrant descriptions of the city, its neighborhoods, and its varied social life.  The novel is much more than a series of little domestic stories, however charming and interesting those may sometimes be.  It is also a serious exploration of the issues surrounding Arabic calligraphy, issues so serious that some who want to make Arabic script more modern, so it can accommodate new words from science and philosophy, face death threats and personal attacks by traditionalists.  They consider the language of the Quran the word of God, to be sacred, inviolable, unchanging.

These two different focuses of the novel are ostensibly connected through the life of Hamid Farsi, a calligrapher who is dedicated to making the modernization of Arabic script possible, even as his personal life, his relationships, and his unsatisfactory marriage to a beautiful young woman are unfolding and entertaining the reader.  The complications in these intertwining tales of love, family life, and daily survival often seem to occur almost at random, with the novel sometimes leaping years ahead to foretell endings, then backing up to fill in the blanks.  The more intellectual (and more interesting) issues regarding script and calligraphy are almost exclusively the province of Hamid Farsi, and they seem to float on a different plane above most of the many domestic plots of the novel, with a treatise explaining the religious issues about script appearing at the end.

The novel opens in summer, 1957, and Noura, the twenty-year-old wife of Hamid Farsi, one of the most esteemed calligraphers in Damascus, has run away.  Backing up to 1942, the novel then reveals her family and life at that time.  Her father, Sheikh Rami Arabi, a famous scholar, bemoans the lack of religious feeling among some of his students:  “They treat God like a waiter in a restaurant. They order rain, and as soon as he brings them their order, they turn their backs on him.”  An episode in which a gang torments a Christian by pulling down his pants in public gives some insight into ethnic issues with which everyone is dealing.  Noura’s schooling, which she loves, as opposed to the lack of schooling available for a poor Christian boy named Salman, who is taught to read and write by a bright young female friend, emphasizes class differences and the difference in opportunities.

A young orphan boy, provided with a home by the Catholic Church, finds his only work in the baths, where Salman also finds work, though sexual abuse is common there.  Eventually, Noura is married to Hamid Farsi, an older widower, the wedding preparations being particularly interesting in their details, though Noura is miserable in her marriage from the outset.  When Salman eventually (and coincidentally) gets a job as errand boy for Hamid Farsi, the stage is set for the blossoming of love with Noura, and their eventual running away (which we have known since page three).  Before that happens, however, there are other complications, some involving Nasri Abbani, a wealthy skirt chaser with four wives, four children a year, ten houses and three regular prostitutes.  Abbani sees Noura from a distance and becomes obsessed with her, and he eventually becomes involved in the life of Hamid Farsi, not only because of Noura but because of sinister connections he has to people who oppose any change to Arabic script, which Hamid Farsi is pursuing.

Numerous overlapping subplots keep the reader entertained, but at several places in the novel, I asked myself where all this was going.   At four hundred forty-four pages, this is a long book, and I am not sure that the family backgrounds of the parents, grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, wives, prostitutes, and employees of the main characters are all necessary to advancing the plot or giving a lively picture of life in Damascus.  Then again, the plot itself is not really a plot as one may be accustomed to knowing it.  Rather it is a series of subplots, and though these are often connected, they are not  unified or  connected in the traditional sense.  Noura and Salman, responsible for the love story, disappear, and nothing more is heard of them for almost a hundred fifty pages.  Instead, the novel devolves into an analysis of aspects of Arabic script, the Sunni/Shiite conflicts about language, and conflicts between traditionalists and. progressives which have apparently rent the Arab world.

I confess, however, that the issues regarding language are among the most interesting that I have read in years.  If someone believes that the Quran is the word of God and that its language is sacred, does that also mean that no new word can be added to the lexicon even fifteen hundred years later?  And since almost every Arabic word has a hundred synonyms and four variations of form per word, depending on whether a letter/sound occurs at the beginning, middle, or end of a word, can true communication really take place either within the academic world in the Middle East or with the “outside” world of the west?  Isn’t there any value at all in sharing knowledge?  Or are the language issues so important to Islamic scholars that they will reject the opportunity to share new ideas because they cannot be translated into “new” Arabic script?  If the issues raised here in this 1950s setting have not yet been resolved, they may explain why so few academic studies from the Arab world make their way into print in the west—and maybe why they may not make it into print in their own countries.   A fascinating reading experience, though the book itself defies the customary structure of the novel.

Photos, in order: The author’s photo accompanies an interview here:  http://www.dradio.de He has been living in Germany since 1971.

The photo of Damascus is from http://www.advancedtravel.org

The Damascus street scene is from http://members.virtualtourist.com

The first calligraphy is from http://imad_moustapha.blogs.com, the journal of Imad Moustapha, Syria’s envoy to the US, which also has examples of many other wonderful Syrian works.

The second calligraphy may be found in the British Museum:  http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk, “By Their Fruits Shall You Know Them.”


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