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Stuart Neville–COLLUSION

“Look, collusion worked all ways, all directions…Loyalists supplying Republicans with fake DVDs and Ecstasy tablets.  Republicans wholesaling laundered diesel and bootleg vodka to Loyalists…And the killings.  How many of our own did we set up for the Loyalists to take out?  How many of their own did the Loyalists set up for us?”

Set in Belfast and focusing on the long-term hatreds between Catholics and Protestants, and among governmental agencies in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, this complex and violent noir mystery shows all the hatreds and rivalries involving many departments of the police, the British Army, the SAS (Special Air Service), MI5 (one of the UK’s Military Intelligence services), the UVF (Ulster Volunteer Force, a paramilitary group) , the UDA (the Ulster Defense Association, another Loyalist force), and various Catholic paramilitary forces.

Jack Lennon, a Catholic who has joined the RUC (the Royal Ulster Constabulary) in order to try to form a bridge among the various law enforcement factions in the city, had been on the Major Investigation Team, until he tried to fix a speeding ticket for a man to whom he owed favors and was busted.  Lennon, a loner, has tried to stay on the straight and narrow in an environment in which everyone has an angle and is willing to bend the rules to accomplish his own ends.  He has no family on which to depend–they abandoned him fifteen years ago when he joined the RUC, and he is now able to see his mother only because she is so debilitated by senility that she does not remember who he is.

The novel opens with a vividly described assassination, in which the action is told from the point of view of three shady Loyalist victims as they realize they are about to die at the hands of people they do not know but who seem to be part of the police.  Other assassinations are recalled involving other victims, the killers still not identified or apprehended.   Two sadistic assassins are hired to deal with the crimes, soon find themselves stalking each other, even as many different agencies are stalking them.  At the heart of the novel is Marie McKenna, a criminal capo’s daughter who is also the mother of his child, Ellen.

Rave reviews have accompanied the release of this dark novel of criminal worlds colliding with sectarian hatreds.  A sequel to Stuart Neville’s debut novel, The Ghosts of Belfast, featuring many of the same characters, Collusion continues their stories and further develops the characters while expanding the action from the first novel.  As someone who has not read the first novel, however, I found it nearly impossible to keep track of who the characters were, what their history and motivations were, and what, exactly, was behind all the violence which unfolded on almost every page.  Though I kept notes as characters were introduced and began to interact, the author did not help new readers to any great extent by providing and explaining background.  It was not until the halfway point that I began to appreciate how all these characters were connected and to begin to empathize with some of them, including, ironically, one of the assassins.

Though the novel is firmly focused on nonstop action, much of it grim and gruesome, the author is also a fine writer of description, with an ear for dialogue that makes his characters come alive, even when the reader is not quite sure why they are behaving as they do.  The large cast of characters allows the author to explore many different facets of influence in Belfast, showing the compromises the police make to maintain the peace, the ability of the criminal underworld to make their own rules, and the difficulties of those, like Jack Lennon, who try to navigate the no-man’s land between and among the powerful, often criminal, brokers of influence in the city.  As Lennon says to one of his opponents, “The collusion, it goes all ways, all directions.  All the likes of you ever cared about was lining your own pockets.  You didn’t give a shit about any cause, did you?  Just so long as you were making money.”

Photos: The author’s photo appears on his Amazon Author page.

The photo of a cell in Maghaberry Prison, the site of several scenes in this novel, is from www.independent.ie.

Note: This novel was WINNER of the Welsh Language Book of the Year Prize in 2007.  Author Llwyd Owen did the English translation himself.

“Everything and everyone I ever had has gone up in smoke, but at least I’ve got someone with me in this strange world, even if I can wave my hand through him as easily as clearing fag air.  He doesn’t cramp my style like some second shadow; in fact, there he goes now, disappearing into the ether like an odourless fart.”—Alun Brady, in prison.

An unusual and often dark novel, Faith, Hope & Love is billed as an urban thriller, but it is far more the psychological study of an unusual anti-hero than it is a mystery.  In fact, the biggest mystery of the book is why the main character is in prison in the first place, a question which does not get answered until late in the novel.  The Prologue, entitled “The Beginning of the End,” raises additional questions concerning a car crash, which is described there, and the identities of the people in the car—again, issues which are not addressed again till late in the novel.  In between the Prologue and the resolution of these questions, however, the novel is study of Alun Brady and his family, much more a sensitive domestic drama than an action thriller, a study of identity and reality—personal, familial, cultural, and religious—as revealed through a series of unrelenting ironies in which God, fate, and free will do battle.

The action shifts back and forth between twenty-nine-year-old Alun’s immediate past and the earlier past of his childhood, leading up to his three-year imprisonment.  Alun has always had many insecurities, usually related to his unfortunate relationship with his much more gifted physician-brother whose casual cruelty and arrogance have made Alun’s life, and sometimes the lives of his parents, miserable.  During dinner at the family home, one Sunday after church, for example, brother Will volunteers that Al’s “always been a proper little mummy’s boy,” someone who is now “nearly thirty, he’s never left home, he’s never had a girlfriend…I mean, if he’s not gay he must be a girl.  Are you a girl, Al?”  Though his mother roars at Will in fury over this attack, Alun dissolves into tears and runs from the room, making no effort to defend himself and leading the reader to wonder what, on earth, someone so sensitive could have done that would lead to a three-year prison sentence.  Ironically, Alun regards Will as the “black sheep” of the family.

Shifting quickly to a later time, the author shows Alun as he is released from prison, walking through Cardiff, which has changed significantly since his imprisonment.  Except for the sympathetic ghost who has given meaning to his life in prison, Alun has not been visited, even once, especially by anyone in his family, and no one is there to greet him upon his release.   Walking miserably around town, Alun observes Will’s house from afar, but decides not to call on him.  Instead he spends the night sleeping on his parents’ grave.  “My dreams are simple now, any childish fantasy wiped out by prison’s horrors.”

Gradually, author Llwyd Owen builds suspense about Alan and his life.  How a sensitive young man who attended church on Sundays, always honored his father and mother, gr
roath-park-02-300x203aduated from college, and worked at low pay for six years at a non-profit agency which works tirelessly to promote the difficult Welsh language to Wales and the world could end up sharing a cell with a man who was “the happiest, gentlest murderer I’ve ever met” remains a mystery until Al begins to show his extreme naivete in his dealings after his release.  His belief that everyone he meets is good and acting from noble purposes, a belief that he also applies to the acts he himself committed before being jailed, shows Al to be too saintly to survive long in the jungle he discovers after his release.

Irony builds upon irony here as Alun still tries to live the selfless life which led to his imprisonment for a crime he still believes is not wrong: he has learned nothing about reality.  “I’ve given the whole episode so much thought during my sentence that my conscience is clear, and I don’t regret what I did.  What I do regret, though was not having the chance to explain my actions to my parents.  This fact will haunt me until my dying day.”  Even as the reader becomes alarmed at Alun’s increasingly uncertain future as it continues to be revealed upon his release, Alun is still being ingenuous and religious.

With his shifts in points of view and time, the author is able to bring off the character study of Alun with panache, and to develop his themes (which some will ultimately find cynical) in detail.  Though the novel has episodes of sentimentality and melodrama, the constant intrusion of often devastating ironies into the plot show the author’s belief that the “perfect” life must also be a life in tune with today’s realities.  The conclusion, the most ironic I have read in a long time, bears this out.  As the hidden past is inexorably revealed, the author sets up the novel for a tour de force ending that few will ever forget (though some will find it more than a little “convenient”).   The dark side of life gets a workout in this novel, and in the process readers discover a great deal about life in contemporary Wales.

Photos, in order: The author’s photo appears here: www.ylolfa.com

The lake photo is of Roath Lake Park in Cardiff, which Will’s house overlooked.  The lighthouse in the center is a memorial to Capt. Robert Scott, honoring his departure from Wales on his ill-fated journey to Antarctica in 1910. www.urban75.org

The woodcut at the end is of “The Shepherd” by Kyffin Williams, one of Wales’s greatest artists, a print which Alun’s parents have over the fireplace in their house. http://www.haynesfineart.com

Note:  This novel was WINNER of the Man Booker Prize for 2010.

“Before he met Finkler [as a schoolboy], Treslove had never met a Jew.  Not knowingly at least.  He supposed a Jew would be like the word Jew–small and dark and beetling.  A secret person.  But Finkler…had a towering manner that made him look taller, and delivered verdicts on people and events with such assurance that he almost spat them out…If this was what all Jews looked like, Treslove thought, then Finkler…was a better name for them than Jew.  So that was what he called them privately–Finklers.  It took away the stigma.”

If there is truly a separate genre known as a “Jewish novel,” then this novel would have to be its crowning achievement.  An expansive and wide-ranging novel about the many facets of being Jewish (or “Finklerish,” as Treslove sees it), The Finkler Question examines the lives of three friends:  Julian Treslove, a now forty-nine-year-old Gentile, has always been fascinated by all things Jewish, including women.  A romantic who has never been able to maintain a relationship, however, Julian has been abandoned by all of the women he’s known in the past, including the two who bore his sons.  Sam Finkler, Julian’s former classmate, writes wildly popular (and popularized) editions of philosophical ideas “for all occasions.” Sam is a widower who lost his young wife early, leaving him with three older children.  Libor Sevcik, almost ninety, their former teacher, who eventually became a commentator on the entertainment business, is also a widower, having just lost his devoted wife of over fifty years, and his former students have been trying to see him more often because he feels so lost.

As the three interact and share their lives with each other (and the reader), often hilariously, the author takes the unusual approach of showing how these actions reflect both their interdependencies and their religion–or lack of it.  Treslove has come to believe that his own life would be better if only he were Jewish, a belief which causes Finkler to comment, “You don’t know what you are so you want to be a Jew.  Next you’ll be wearing fringes and telling me you’ve volunteered to fly Israeli jets against Hamas.”  And yet when Julian does go out on the town one evening, he is robbed and roughed up by an assailant who suggests that Julian is being robbed because he is Jewish (!), an event which brings home to Julian the issue of anti-Semitism.

The continuing subject of anti-Semitism is examined from an unusual perspective here.  When Libor accuses Finkler himself of having Jewish friends who are anti-Semites, he refuses to acknowledge it.  “It’s not peculiar to Jews to dislike what some Jews do,” he comments, and he admits he is particularly upset by many Israeli actions, but Libor has the last word in the argument:  “No,” he says, “but it’s peculiar to Jews to be ashamed of it.  It’s our schtick.  Nobody does it better.”

In another plot line, the feckless Julian meets Hephzibah Weitzenbaum, Libor’s great-great-niece, and he believes that he may finally have found his soul-mate.  Working on a Museum of Anglo-Jewish Culture, she emphasizes what the Jews have achieved in England, rather than what they have undergone, and she persuades Julian to help out,  He begins to study Jewish thought by reading Maimonides (with enormous difficulty) and though he starts thinking of himself as Jewish, he cannot seem to enter the “club.”  “It was like being a child among adults; not unloved but unlistened to.  At best humoured.  He wasn’t the real McCoy, that was what it came to.  Not only wasn’t he a Jew, he was a jest to Jews.  The real McGoy.”

As the author rotates the focus of the novel among the three men, he creates many intimate scenes which reveal the nature of  “Jewishness” as both a religious and cultural identity.  With self-mocking humor (much of which undoubtedly escapes the notice of non-Jewish readers, such as myself), he creates lively scenes with conversations both serious and farcical.  His inclusion of real contemporary events with references to real people, including President Obama, provides a real-world context for the philosophizing of the novel and illustrates the lack of uniformity among the points of view of these Jewish thinkers, showing them to be as varied in their points of view, even regarding Israel, as are non-Jewish thinkers.  The novel will carry special appeal,  I’m sure, for Jewish men and women who are already familiar with these issues, but for curious “others,” it provides many insights and valuable new points of view.

Photos, in order: The author’s photo by Luke MacGregor/Reuters, was taken at the Man Booker Award Ceremony, is from:  www.cbc.ca

Sam Finkler conducted the meetings of the ASHamed Jews at the Groucho Club in Soho.  Photo from: www.thegrouchoclub.com

Beachy Head, a location which appears in the novel several times, is depicted here:  Photo by Speller/Milner Design 2004:  http://www.findon.info

“These days the dead are more fortunate than the living.  What are we to do?  We’re on the eve of destruction.  Men have lost all sense of honor.  Power has become their faith instead of faith being their power.  There are no longer any courageous men.”

Earth and Ashes, a small novella, packs more feeling and more power into its few pages than most other books do in hundreds of pages, and few, if any, readers will emerge from it unscathed.  Author Atiq Rahimi, an Afghan national now living in France, has recreated the Afghanistan he remembers when it was occupied by the Russians (1979 – 1989).  He was seventeen at the time, and life has not improved much for the populace since then.  Only the enemies have changed, and they now include many factions from within.  Rahimi’s bleak picture of life in the farming village of Abqul includes the occupiers’ casual murder of individuals, the decimation of families, the annihilation of villages, and ultimately the obliteration of whole cultures going back to ancient times.  Without preamble or any lengthy setting of the scene, the author introduces a main character who is faced with a family crisis from which he may never recover, then tells that story in plain, direct, and straightforward language which gains impact from its very simplicity.

Dastaguir, a grandfather accompanied by his small grandson, is walking along a dusty road from his town of Abqul toward the coal mines of Karkar.  The Russians, after looting his village one day, had returned the next day to burn it to the ground.  “They didn’t spare a single life…I don’t understand why God saw fit to punish us.”  Dastaguir, upon his  return to his village has discovered that his wife, son, daughter-in-law, their children, and the mother of  his grandson Yassin, the child, along with all the other villagers, are now dead.  Though little Yassin has escaped the fires, he is now totally and suddenly deaf, and he is confused.  He does not understand why jujube stones which used to click against each other when he played with them, are now silent, why Dastaguir will not answer him when he speaks to him, and why the world is suddenly so quiet.

The “action” takes place as Dastaguir and Yassin are walking on a mission to find Dastaguir’s surviving son Murad, Yassin’s father, who fled the village to work in the mines four years ago, and who has returned to the village only a few times since then.  Dastaguir hopes Murad will reconnect with his son, especially now that the village and the rest of the family are gone.  As they walk, Yassin demands help, begs for water, which is in short supply, and asks for and then does not eat apples or stale bread.  Dastaguir himself seems to survive on naswar, a kind of moist snuff.

Talking to himself constantly through the miles, he takes a distanced view of himself, referring to himself always as “you.”  “To whom are you speaking?” he asks himself.  “To Yassin?  He can’t even hear the sound of stones, let alone your feeble voice.”  He imagines meeting with Murad at the mine and has nightmares which combine ancient stories with the events of his village.  And when a shopkeeper tries to be friendly, Dastaguir has to remind himself to respond–“You wanted to talk to anyone about anything.  Now, here is someone who’ll listen to what lies in your heart, whose look alone is a comfort.  Say something!”

As he contemplates his God, he decides in his desperation that “the reality is that God isn’t concerned with you,” and then realizes that he has blasphemed:  “Damn the temptations of Satan.  Damn you.”  He continues on his walk.

Throughout the novella, the author mentions the Persian epic The Book of Kings by Ferdusi, which “interweaves Persian myths, legends, and historical events to tell the history of Iran and its neighbors from the creation of the world to the Arab conquest in the seventh century.”  Three characters in that book loosely parallel characters and actions in this novella, and as Dastaguir begins to learn about the power of the occupiers to change the thinking and commitments of their young male subjects, the parallels become obvious here.

For a novel in which the “actions” that involve the reader are mostly “reactions to” past events, with very little new activity or plot, the author manages to inspire some powerful emotional moments.  The reader cares for Dastaguir because he reacts with universal human feelings.  Yassin, of course, is an innocent, but like all children, he wants what he wants and is willing to cry and manipulate to get it, something that Dastaguir tolerates because Yassin is still confused about his deafness and its permanence.  The sympathy generated for the characters makes the bleak ending even more powerful.  With its simplicity and its careful choice of the right detail at the right moment, Earth and Ashes resembles some of the very best short stories by Steinbeck, Hemingway, and Andre DuBus, all of whom compress, compress, and then compress some more the images and details with which the reader comes to a full understanding of the author’s purpose.

ALSO by Atiq Rahimi:  A CURSE ON DOSTOEVSKY

Photos, in order: The photo of the author by Helene Bamberger/Editions Pol is posted here:  http://www.independent.co.uk

The photo of the weeping boy and the man, by Joel Saget/AFP/Getty Images, is part of a pictorial essay essay on Afghanistan posted on http://www.boston.com

A coal miner from the Karkar coal mines, where Murad is working, is photographed by Ahmad Massood/REUTERS, as part of a photo essay here: http://www.boston.com

“Major Kim had extraordinary authority, he was from the South, and Pyongyang had the indefinable feel of a tiny planet beginning to wobble on its axis.  There were more babies, more children being pushed in strollers, more couples walking together…Even the cranes at the construction sites had changed, the old stubby dinosaurs replaced by long, graceful booms.”

Author James Church takes his series of mysteries set in North Korea in new directions with this surprising fourth novel.  Church, a former intelligence officer with the U.S. government, has spent much time in Asia, and presumably North Korea, and he makes a foray here into speculative fiction–not speculating on life in North Korea in the far distant future, but in the very immediate future.  When this novel opens, it is 2016, and Inspector O, the iconoclastic officer who has been the fascinating main character of the three previous novels, has been happily retired from action and living in blessed isolation on a mountain top, working with his precious woods.  Suddenly, he is visited by officers he cannot refuse to accompany and is brought back to Pyongyang.  He is needed for a special assignment.

This is his first trip to the city in five years, and O is in for some big surprises.  Church uses a great deal of (rare) tongue-in-cheek humor and irony here to show how much the city has changed since O’s retirement, showing it through O’s eyes.  The busboy who takes him to his room expects a tip; a woman enters his room in the early evening for “turndown service,” something he does not understand, and on departure wishes him a “good evening and pleasant dreams.”  The waiter at a restaurant is named “Michael.”  O’s mystified reaction is “I don’t get the feeling this is normal.”

In fact, O is in Pyongyang to work with, and take orders from, Major Kim from South Korea, who is operating in North Korea to bring about some kind of co-operation between the countries.  As confused as O is, however, so, too, is the reader, who learns along with O what circumstances have brought about such momentous changes.  “I am here to deliver you into freedom,” says Kim, “and that is exactly what I am going to do.”  The disbelieving and intransigent O is finally locked into a room to examine some files so that he may understand exactly what Kim means when he says, “I am the party center.”

O’s first assignment is to go to Macau to investigate the murder of a woman in the famed Grand Lisboa Hotel.  The “killer” has been apprehended, but it is essential to the future of North Korea that this man not be the killer. O’s assignment is to wipe out any tracks that might connect this man to the crime.

The plot becomes complicated as the author reveals through O’s activities that North Korea has now become so weakened that the Chinese plan to move into North Korea to prevent further collapse.  The South Koreans are committed to preventing that from happening. At the same time, the Japanese are on the east coast of the country, waiting to make their move, and the Russians are in the northeast.  Some of the old guard in North Korea want to maintain old ways and are willing to fight to ensure that.  With all the machinations at the highest levels, and all the determination of security services and military to ensure that the country survives and is able to solve its economic issues, more personal machinations involve some of the people with whom O has had previous relationships, some of them living in hiding or exile.  Murders occur to complicate all the negotiations.

As in all the other novels in this series, O is not always sure about what is going on, and his very ignorance and confusion, as seemingly unrelated actions take place, parallel those of the reader.  Church uses O’s ignorance throughout the series, in fact, to show how little most of us know about North Korea, a monolithic government shrouded in secrecy.  With so many other powerful countries also wanting a piece of the North Korean pie, this novel is particularly complicated, but as O becomes more human than he has ever been in the past, he is a more sympathetic character, more able to keep the reader interested and committed to knowing the outcome.

As someone who has read the previous novels in the series, I found this novel fascinating and totally involving, however complex and confusing some of the plot became.  I am not sure how someone who has not read any of the previous novels will respond to this one.  Suffice it to say that throughout the series Church depicts North Korea as he has seen it, and Inspector O, or “former Inspector O,” as he is here, however intelligent, is not high enough in the hierarchy to have any sense of the big picture.  For readers who are willing to set aside the norms of mystery writing that have a beginning, middle, and end and are willing to accept the uncertainties that are required by the novels of James Church, this novel starring Inspector O is one of the most interesting and unusual mysteries in the genre today.

ALSO by James Church:  THE CORPSE IN THE KORYO and     HIDDEN MOON

Photos: The photo of the author is the only photo available for the writer known as James Church:  http://us.macmillan.com/author/jameschurch

The Grand Lisboa Hotel photo is from the Wiki page.

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