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“We have no time to waste on insignificant books, hollow books, books that are here to please…We want books that cost their authors a great deal, books where you can feel the years of work, the backache, the writer’s block, the author’s panic at the thought that he might be lost…We want books that immerse us in the splendor of reality and keep us there…We want good novels.”

Probably every lover of literary fiction has had a fantasy about creating or finding the ideal bookstore—one which is dedicated to exactly the kinds of novels we like to read, where we can enter and spend an afternoon browsing, reading whatever strikes our eye, all the while knowing that every book there has the potential to become one of our favorites.  It is a fantasy in which all the other browser-readers there enjoy reading and talking about the same kinds of books we do, and the helpful staff has read most of the books and can make recommendations.  The main characters in this novel by Laurence Cosse have created just such a bookstore.  Ivan (Van) Georg, who manages a shop called The Good Novel, and Francesca Aldo-Valbelli, the heiress who is supporting it financially, have committed themselves to a shop which is not “an ordinary bookstore…[and] our customers [are not] ordinary customers.”

A committee of eight writers representing different styles of novels is chosen in secret to make the selections of books for the shop, each member having a pen name so that no one, not even other committee members, knows their identities.  With a choice Parisian location near the famed Odeon Theatre, the shop opens to customers in August, with the biggest percentage of their “good books” representing the best of French literature.  The shop is mobbed from the outset, with seven hundred eleven novels being sold on the first day alone.  By Christmas time, the shop is a huge success.

But success has come at a price.  Large numbers of new customers have begun to order pop novels, then fail to pick them up, leaving the shop to pay for them.  Nasty comments appear on their internet forum, and a seemingly organized attack is mounted in the press, with accusations of elitism taking up whole pages,  At one point the shop is described as a “totalitarian undertaking,” an attempt by a small group of elite to control the reading done by the public.  Fascist accusations result. Ugly posters are plastered all over town, and demands are made that the shop’s financial backer be unmasked.

Eventually, three attempts to murder members of the secret selection committee, described in the opening pages of the novel, involve the police.  Throughout the attacks, both physical and in print, the author raises questions of who benefits from the destruction of one small bookstore and its people.  Resentful owners of other bookstores?  A general public insulted by the shop’s cultural snobbery?  Publishers of new novels which have not  “made the cut” for inclusion at the shop?  A cabal of disaffected authors whose books are not carried by the shop?  When several new bookstores open adjacent to or across the street from The Good Novel, sales at The Good Novel plummet.

A combination of mystery, fantasy, philosophical analysis, and economic treatise on the book industry, A NOVEL BOOKSTORE raises many interesting questions within a unique story.  The novel does have its problems, however.  A love story involving manager Van and Anis, a wispy and only vaguely attentive young woman, is unsatisfying on every level, as Van seems to have no understanding of himself or of her.  She, in turn, seems to be equally dim, an almost ghostly presence flitting through the novel.  The mystery is not well integrated.  The attempts at murder described in the beginning of the novel gain little attention for most of the novel as the ins and outs of book shop business and publishing dominate the “action.”  In fact, some of the most interesting sections of the novel are those related to the decisions of what books to include on the shelves, Cormac McCarthy being the most popular choice among American authors.

A peripheral issue may provide more insight into publishing than the novel itself.  A website at http://www.thegoodnovel.com/ appears to be the real life equivalent of the shop in this book.  This website and its Facebook equivalent appear in every way to be real—until the reader looks up the details and discovers that there is no bookshop listed at this address in Paris, the quotations from “famous people” exist only on the website, the quoted magazines or papers do not exist, and there is no phone number or way to place orders.   I do not know who is responsible for this web page or the Facebook page, but it is the cleverest, most imaginative book advertising I’ve seen since Orhan Pamuk created a real Museum of Innocence after writing his novel of that title. The website will certainly generate more publicity for great writing and “Good Novels,” and that’s what we all want.  Do take a look at it.  It’s  fun!

Photos, in order: The author’s photo is from www.arianne.fr

The streetscape near the Odeon, where The Good Novel is said to be located, might have looked like the one above at rue de l’Odeon, Paris, FR, Postal code: 75006.   www.mapmonde.org

The profile for The Good Novel is here: http://www.thegoodnovel.com/

ALSO by Cosse: AN ACCIDENT IN AUGUST

“Half the testimony [at the inquiry into the March 3, 1943, events at Bethnal Green] contradicted the other.  The crowd was quiet; the crowd was loud.  The constables and wardens had worked hard; the constables and wardens were nowhere to be seen.  There was light on the stairs; the stairs were dark.  There was a loud blast no one had ever heard before; there were no unusual sounds that night.”

In the midst of the Blitz in London in 1943, an event took place in Bethnal Green that was so extraordinary it is not understood completely even to this day.  On March 3, 1943, when the air raid warning sirens went off, thousands of people headed, as usual, toward the nearest bomb shelter, the local Tube station, a one-entrance location which could accommodate up to ten thousand people within a few minutes of their arrival.  Some had come here many times and knew that they could reserve cots and places to sleep for the night.  Others just took their chances, hoping that the emergency would not last long and that they would be able to return to their homes soon afterward.

On this night, something unique happened.  One hundred seventy-three people died of asphyxia within a minute of their arrival at the station, all suffocated in the crush on the first twenty stairs of the entrance.  Not one of the victims had managed to reach the landing at the bottom, only a few feet away, from which another seven stairs down would have guaranteed their safety.  Ironically, “not a single bomb had fallen in the city that night.”  All these deaths were accidental.

Author Jessica Francis Kane, who found and studied the original government inquiry into the reasons for this catastrophe, draws on the facts of the real Bethnal Green case to create a fictionalized version of what went wrong.  The actual facts, gathered and put into a report by Sir Laurence Dunne within three weeks of the events, had been hushed up by the government so as not to alarm the people, give any information to the enemy, or create questions about the government’s ability to handle crises.  Dunne had interviewed eighty witnesses, some of them more than once, and, wanting to avoid placing blame on one or two individuals who might have become scapegoats, when there were many issues which had contributed to these deaths, he had written his report with a concern for human feelings and for what human beings need in order to deal with such disasters during fraught times such as war.  “Perhaps,” he suggests, “we should only sometimes be held accountable for the unintended consequences of our actions.”

Creating a cast of repeating characters which becomes more and more developed as the action proceeds, Kane shows the involvement of all facets of British society as they deal with this disaster.  The attitudes toward refugees, especially Jews, affect the perceptions of some of the witnesses, while others, actively involved in the protection of lives during the Blitz, assume blame which was really not theirs to assume.   Some have secrets about what happened that night, and others become privy to secrets held by those they know and protect, refusing to reveal these secrets during the inquiry because they know that the person(s) did not mean for any harm to result.  The thirtieth anniversary of the tragedy brings all these issues to light once again when Paul Barber, a twenty-nine-year-old who was an infant orphaned by the disaster, contacts Sir Laurence Dunne for information for a television documentary he is producing.  Soon both are reliving the events and their aftermath.

Kane carefully reveals the facts of the case, but she does so within the context of the lives of her characters, always showing how and why these people say and do what they do, and always leaving the door open for other interpretations of their actions.  As the characters become more fully understood, they elicit sympathy from the reader, and by the time that all the details are known, the reader feels the same sorts of conflicts that Sir Laurence Dunne felt when he wrote his report.  James Low, the chief shelter warden, is unable to forgive himself because his conscientious efforts failed.  An eight-year-old who lost her four-year-old sister has seen something that forever affects her life and her relationship with her mother, and she neither forgives nor forgets.  Rev. McNeely, of St. John’s Church, across the street, is hard pressed to see the big moral picture which Sir Laurence Dunne feels is so important as he writes his inquiry, recognizing instead the individual issues which he feels have clear black and white answers.

Kane does a remarkable job of revealing the feelings of these characters, their feelings for others who have been involved, and their feelings for the more general needs of the community, regardless of the strict definitions of right and wrong.  She writes clearly and succinctly and avoids flights of sentimentality, always showing the big picture, the big moral issues, and the big questions of responsibility.  Each reader will decide for himself/herself whether to agree with Sir Laurence’s feelings:  “People think,” he states, “that they want the whole truth, but they’re far happier with only as much as they can forgive.”  A fine novel which deals with major ethical and moral issues within a context which every reader will appreciate and understand, The Report offers a different way of looking at historical events—rationally, but with a kindness toward the participants which protects their integrity and their future lives.  “Speculative journalism” and the rush to blame are not yet a way of life at this time.

ALSO by Jessica Francis Kane:  THIS CLOSE

Photos, in order: The author’s photo is from her Goodreads page.

More information about this event is posted on www.barryoneoff.co.uk where the sign for the shelter also appears.  More extensive information can be found here:  www.dailymail.co.uk

At the time of the disaster, there was no handrail in the middle of the stairs at the entrance.  The entrance was through a doorway approximately three feet wide, with the stairs going down from that entrance, then turning right at a the landing at the bottom and continuing down for seven more stairs.  None of the victims reached the landing.

The drive for a suitable memorial for the victims of this tragedy has led to fundraising efforts in the UK.  See www.independent.co.uk

Information about a memorial for those who lost their lives in this disaster can be found in this YouTube video (no spoilers):  www.youtube.com

SPOILER WARNING:  For those who have already finished the book, this longer YouTube video contains much more detail (and spoilers):

Russell Banks–THE DARLING

“No one in [Liberia] gave a damn if a system or an organization didn’t work; no one cared if roads financed by the U.S. aid weren’t built or buildings never finished or machinery, trucks, buses, and cars never repaired—as long as the money to build, finish, and repair kept moving from one hand to the other.  The country was a money-changing station.”

Recreating the events which led to the catastrophic battles for power which engulfed Liberia from 1980 – 1996, author Russell Banks shows how four different home-grown armies, each with their own goals, aggressively engaged in atrocities to ensure victory for their own side.  Employing child soldiers, and killing and maiming anyone who stood in their way, including women and tiny children who simply had the misfortune to belong to the wrong rural tribe, these armies massacred a quarter of a million people and displaced a million others.

Forcing the American reader to pay more attention to the full scale of these horrors, Banks describes this turmoil through the eyes of a radical American anti-war activist named Hannah Musgrove who arrives in Liberia from Ghana in 1976 on a passport which identifies her as Dawn Carrington.  Musgrove is on the FBI’s Ten Most Wanted List for her activities as a member of the Weather Underground, having been indirectly involved in a New York City townhouse bombing in which three people were killed in the late 1960s.  The “darling” daughter of a well-known pediatrician with ultra- liberal politics and a mother who regards her own life’s role as help-meet to her husband, Hannah grew up in the Boston suburbs and was expensively educated in elite private schools and colleges, including almost two years of study at Harvard Medical School.  For reasons that are never quite clear in this book, she has rejected everything her parents believe in, taking her youthful opposition to the Vietnam War to the most violent extremes, coldly severing relations with her ultra-liberal-but-not-liberal-enough family, and eventually going into hiding to avoid facing the consequences of her actions.

Egocentric and arrogant, Hannah believes so totally in her own definition of what is right that she is almost inhuman, unable to relate to other people, unable to understand or accept any compromise or middle ground on any issue, and unable to work on an equal partnership with anyone else.  Once in Liberia, she meets and marries a government minister in the cabinet of President Samuel Tolbert and has three sons, but she remains not only a detached observer of what is happening in Liberia but a detached participant in the lives of her Liberian family, showing very little feeling or affection for anyone, even her children.  Only the chimpanzees for whom she has set up a sanctuary gain her full attention.

Bullet casings carpet a street in downtown Monrovia

Banks cleverly compresses time and provides “breathing space” from the violence by shifting back and forth in both location and time.  The novel opens in the twenty-first century on Shadowbrook Farm in upstate New York, with fifty-eight-year-old Hannah deciding to leave her farm temporarily to return to Liberia after a ten-year absence.  She is going, not to look for her sons, who were just boys when she was forced to leave, but to see if she can find out what has happened to her chimpanzees.  Her missing sons, Dillon, William, and Paul were known as Fly, Worse-than-Death, and Demonology when she left, her life hanging by a thread in the midst of the civil war violence.  Through flashbacks, Hannah’s early life with her husband, Woodrow Sundiata, shows the violent transition from the corrupt government of William Tolbert to that of Samuel Doe in 1980, culminating with Hannah’s expulsion from Liberia in 1983.  While in hiding once again in the US, she meets with Charles Taylor, who had been a friend of her husband, and who later disappears in Africa for many years.  In 1989, “ignorant of maternal instinct,” she is able to return to Liberia and her family.

Shortly after her return, however, a horrific, four-pronged war, much of it tribal, breaks out.  The forces of Samuel Doe, Charles Taylor, Prince Johnson, and ECOMOG, a multilateral army consisting of troops from other West African countries (primarily Nigeria), begin fighting each other in 1989, the violence as they compete for power so inhuman that it is difficult to comprehend.  Hannah must again flee to the U.S.  Her three trips from the US to Liberia and back in the course of the novel, reveal the changing faces of both countries.

Charles Taylor was living in Nigeria when he was captured and sent for trial to the International Court in The Hague.

Though Hannah Musgrove suffers from a maddening anomie as a character, one which often makes her fate irrelevant to the reader, the novel vividly depicts the brutal history of Liberia, from the seemingly lofty goals of its founding to the beginning of the twenty-first century.  No one who reads this will fail to understand the inhumanity and the atrocities for which the International Court of Justice in The Hague has put former President Charles Taylor on trial, nor will they be able to ignore the horrors also committed by Prince Johnson (and recorded on video), who is currently serving as a duly elected senator in Liberia.  The lofty goals of the country are in tatters, the economy is a disaster, the poor are still hungry, tens of millions of dollars in US aid have lined the pockets of the country’s politicians, and as the novel ends, Hannah Musgrove is living in New York State as a wealthy heiress with a successful commercial farm.  Nothing good seems to have resulted from any of this for the people of Liberia.

BREAKING NEWS: On May 30, 2012, Charles Taylor was sentenced by the International Court of Justice in the Hague to fifty years in prison for crimes against humanity.  http://www.nytimes.com.

Notes: The author’s photo by Nancie Battaglia is from www.nytimes.com

The downtown Monrovia street “paved” with bullet casings from the fighting appears on www.pulitzer.org

Former Liberian President Charles Taylor, who had been living in Nigeria, is captured trying to leave that country in 2006:  http://news.bbc.co.uk In his trial for war crimes at the International Court of Justice in The Hague, he was found guilty of eleven crimes in May, 2012, and sentenced to fifty years in prison.

Recent testimony from Mia Farrow and Naomi Campbell on Charles Taylor:  www.dailymail.co.uk

Hannah Musgrove and her family lived on Duport Road, in Monrovia.  “On Saturday 30 May 2009, over 200 people gathered at an old school compound in Duport Road, a suburb of Monrovia and the scene of two massacres perpetrated during the Liberian civil war, as well as several mass graves.”  See www.ictj.org

Giles Foden–TURBULENCE

Note: Giles Foden was WINNER of the James Tait Black Memorial Prize, WINNER of the Whitbread First Novel Award, and WINNER of the Betty Trask Award in 1998-99 for The Last King of Scotland.

“There are no accidents.  Every so-called ‘accident,’ every piece of turbulence, is part of a sequence, bigger or smaller, whose scale you cannot see.  At least, you don’t see it until it’s too late, and then you start to panic, beause you realize how foolish was your original fantasy of understanding.”

How long has it been since you have read a novel with a thematic line so unusual and so well explicated that reading the book changed your way of seeing the world?  This novel was one such experience for me.  Metaphysical, historical, and utterly different from anything I have ever read, Giles Foden’s Turbulence kept me (neither a mathematician nor a student of physics) turning the pages, no matter how theoretical and dense the novel sometimes became with its science.  Fascinating personal stories are interwoven with the scientific plot, giving the novel immediacy, even for a devout non-scientist.

Set in London and Scotland from January through June, 1944, the novel is a study of weather forecasting and all the factors which must be considered in making long-range predictions.   Henry Meadows, a young academician at Cambridge with a doctorate in mathematics/physics, has written his thesis on fluid dynamics, focusing on the idea of turbulence and other complex flows which move constantly, are difficult to quantify, and have unpredictable effects on other physical measurements.  Though he might have remained in his lab at the university forever, he wants to do something for Britain’s war effort, and when he sees an advertisement for a training post in the Meteorological Office, he applies, is accepted for the Central Forecasting Unit, and is eventually sent to Scotland.  His job is to observe and eventually help forecast weather patterns over a five-day period for fifty miles of German-occupied French coastline so that an invasion can be planned and a window of opportunity identified for D-Day.

The task will eventually involve the US under Gen. Eisenhower, the RAF, the Royal Navy, and the Met office and will require the establishment of a network of several hundred weather stations on land and sea, spanning a distance of twelve-hundred miles from Iceland to England.  Each of these stations will report by telegraph to a central facility.  Forecasting at this time is inexact, however, with accuracy declining for every day after the first day of observations.  Forecasts beyond two or three days are often wildly inaccurate, and a five-day forecast seems impossible.  Though the air pressure, the winds, and the temperatures can all be measured, these measurements can be compromised, sometimes fatally, by the unexpected effects of turbulence and by measurements which may not be completely exact.  Discovering some valid way to add turbulence into the calculations would help explain the seemingly random changes which occur in the weather, a crucial element in the D-Day plans.

Over 2.5 million men and three thousand landing craft are depending on the accuracy of the forecast.  The Germans are expecting an invasion, and Allied surprise and ultimate success depend on finding a window which the Germans will not also foresee.  Only one person has found a way to deal with this kind of turbulence and its effects on forecasting—Wallace Ryman, a famed mathematical researcher who is also a pacifist. Henry Meadows hopes to convince him to share the application of his “Ryman number” in the pursuit of a weather equation to aid in meteorological forecasting.

Foden uses real people as his models for the characters in the novel.  Main character Wallace Ryman is the fictional equivalent of a real man, Henry Fry Richardson, whose real life paralleled that of Ryman in virtually every way, and the other named characters (including Geoffrey Pyke and Sverre Petterssen)  are real.  The novel has been fully researched, and, though it is fictional, the concepts behind it have actual bases in reality and science.  Where the novel may raise some questions for some people is in the subplots.  Some “researchers” in the novel believe that the formula for dealing with turbulence in the weather can also be applied to problems in sociological and interpersonal relationships—from the tendency of countries to go to war to the disagreements among lovers.  This makes the subplots seem sensational and unrealistic, at times, an attempt to show that turbulence is responsible for the random events which affect the personal lives of the characters, an attempt also to show that “random” events may not be random at all.

The main character, Henry Meadows, is not fully developed, and his excessive use of alcohol blurs the opinions one might otherwise have of him.  His early life on a tobacco farm in Nyasaland, the history of weather forecasting, the opinions of the cleric with whom Ryman argues about the interpretation of God’s will, the issues of science which have not yet been resolved (a solution for the problems of the Rh factor, for example), and the desire to find one formula which will explain the as yet unexplainable future, all relate to the idea of turbulence but do not necessarily provide insights or answers.  Filled with vibrant descriptions, an assortment of characters whose views of the world differ greatly from that of the twenty-first century, a setting that reflects a critical moment in time, and philosophical/scientific themes and insights of great originality, Turbulence is a novel which manages to raise questions and explore them in ways not seen before in literary fiction, and I loved it.

Photos, in order: The author’s photo is from www.faber.co.uk

The photo of Henry Fry Richardson appears on Wiki:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

The D-Day photo appears on www.theodoresworld.net

Notes: For those interested in the science and math behind the “Ryman number,” which is really the “Richardson number,” please see: http://en.wikipedia.org for a complete discussion.

Geoffrey Pyke’s bio is also on Wiki:  http://en.wikipedia.org

Linda Le–THE THREE FATES

Note: Linda Le was WINNER of France’s Feneon Prize in 1998.

“For twenty years King Lear had been watching the world spin without him.  For twenty years he had not budged from the blue house where my cousins had left him.  From his ruined palace, he had witnessed the exodus of the runaways, the year when Saigon had changed hands.  And now he saw the return of the saprophytes, and King Lear snickered by his window.”

Vietamese-born Linda Le, one of France’s most popular authors, moved to Paris in 1997 when she was fourteen, accompanying her mother, grandmother, and three sisters soon after the fall of Saigon.  In this energetic, sometimes raucous, and always surprising novel, Le describes the lives of three other young Vietnamese women who are also living in France—now totally assimilated after twenty years of living there.  Two sisters, known as Elder Cousin, or Potbelly, who is pregnant, and her younger sister, Long Legs, a “cutie” who is living with someone she hopes is a ticket to wealth, have decided to invite their estranged father, King Lear, to come from Saigon to Paris for a three-week visit.  Potbelly will pay for the trip, since she is married to a wealthy French “Hardware Man” in the “nutsandbolts business” who will be away during the visit;  Long Legs has no money, spending her small salary on clothes, makeup, and trinkets.  The third member of the Three Fates, Southpaw, referred to at one point at Albatrocious, is their cousin, a young woman who has lost a hand.

The sisters have few expectations regarding their reunion with King Lear, and Long Legs does not even remember the language, but they do plan to impress him with their financial and social success in France and show him how “French” they are.  They were kidnapped from King Lear by their wealthy grandmother, Lady Jackal, who informed her penniless son-in-law of their departure for France through a photograph of their leave-taking which the photographer delivered to him after the boat sailed.  Left behind in Saigon, King Lear has observed the changes in the country for the past twenty years, accompanied not by any family members but by The Wheezer, a priest who was tortured, his vocal cords and tendons cut by the communists, and who no longer celebrates the Mass, referring now to the Butcher on High and the Great Deaf-Mute in the Sky.  He hangs around King Lear hoping for a meal of his favorite fried eel.

The story, such as it is, is told primarily through Southpaw, but it switches, without warning, to other characters, sometimes in succeeding sentences.  Since the author has chosen not to include any paragraphing (which leads to many pages of gray, margin-to-margin text), the reader has few visual clues regarding shifts in voice and changes in speakers, a challenge for the reader who must depend on context clues.  Despite this, the story is relatively easy to follow at the beginning of the novel.  As the scenes become a bit more complex, and the author conveys dream sequences, memories, and imagined events, however, the novel begins to resemble a long, symbolic poem rather than a novel.  Remarkably little symbolism relates to the Shakespearean play of King Lear, and that conceit is relatively undeveloped, the characters not really paralleling King Lear as Shakespeare has created him.  But other symbols, of Bluebeard, dragons, witches who remove hands, soldiers, and even of a shrimp which is about to be fried take their place.  The fairly straightforward narrative of the early part of the novel becomes much more “internalized” by the author, and the voices of the speaker(s) become more dream-like and nightmarish as a fever of words and images is disgorged for the reader to interpret.

Many great scenes will stick in the reader’s mind, especially as King Lear remembers the reunification of Vietnam and the departure of the American soldiers, but among the most memorable are those which connect to the characters with whom the reader can really identify. When Elder Cousin (Potbelly) gets married, for example, she sends the lonely King Lear photographs from the wedding, but he cannot bear to open them, leaving them in their envelope for days until he can get dressed in his “swanky suit,” more appropriate for the occasion, when he finally opens them. That one scene does more to convey emotion than almost any other scene in the novel, and it is among the most “honest” scenes in the book.

Sometimes the novel feels like an aria being sung to an audience in an operatic language the reader does not understand, but just as often it feels like a poem being read to a sympathetic audience of people who can identify with the feelings, if not the events.  The artificiality of the construction and the arch, even academic, attitudes—including a large amount of mockery of people and their points of view (which I, personally, found offensive)—may add to the “humor” of the narrative, but it is a cynical, sometimes snide humor which ignores one of the primary functions of fiction—to communicate, instead of standing apart and making not always sympathetic observations about the efforts of others to deal with the life that fate has handed them.  The descriptions and the musicality of the language are superb, but sometimes I felt as if I were being involved in a literary free-for-all when what I wanted was to understand the feelings of the characters who were facing very real and difficult problems.

Notes: The author’s photo is from http://www.nyu.edu

The newspaper of the fall of Saigon is from http://unit8belay.wikispaces.com

THE THREE FATES
Review. Experimental, France, Historical, Social and Political Issues, Vietnam
Written by: Linda Le
Published by: New Directions; 1 edition
ISBN: 978-0811216104
Available in: Paperback

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