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“The day had hardly begun, and Harry already felt drained of energy, like an old, dying lion who hung back from the pack when once he could have challenged the leader.  Not that he had ever nurtured ambitions of leading the pack, but things had taken a nosedive anyway.  All he could do was lie low and hope that someone would throw him a bone.”

In the third novel in this outstanding mystery series to be released in the US, alcoholic police inspector Harry Hole, “the lone wolf, the drunk, the [Oslo Police] department’s enfant terrible…and the best detective on the sixth floor” has been AWOL from his job for a month, on a bender which he seems unable to end.  He has been so obsessed with identifying and finding the killer of Ellen Gjelten, his former partner and friend, who was murdered on the job not long ago, that he has been unable to deal with other cases.  His own life is a disaster from which he seeks temporary solace by drinking himself into oblivion.  Rakel, the woman he dearly loves, has told him to stay away from her and her young son until he gets his problems sorted out and solved.  He is in big trouble with his department and may be fired.

When Bjarne Moller, the Crime Squad Chief, who has been covering for him, calls him on a summer weekend to investigate the death of a young woman, Moller is so short-handed that he is compelled to put Harry on an investigation team with Tom Waaler, a man Harry despises and believes to be involved in serious criminal enterprises.  Beate Lonn, a tech with a memory for faces, with whom Harry has worked well in the past, is also going to be investigating this death.

Norwegian author Jo Nesbo begins this novel with the best three introductory paragraphs that I have read in years.  Ostensibly a description of a water leak which works its way from a fifth floor apartment into the apartment below, it is, in reality a menace-filled mood-setter which presages real horror.  And when the ceiling in the fourth floor apartment starts to leak on the young couple preparing a pot of potatoes on the stove, Nesbo’s truly wicked sense of humor kicks in, to re-emerge at other critical points in the novel.

Before long the police have two more murders and a missing persons case which seems to be related to it.  A “devil’s star,” a star with one point on the bottom and two at the top, has been found at every crime scene, and each victim has been found with a finger missing.  Each also has a star-shaped red diamond inserted under the eyelid.

The mystery here is compelling–the story of a twisted killer being sought by policemen who also have their own problems–but Nesbo is at least as concerned with character.   Harry Hole is in much worse shape than he has been in previous novels, and his relationships with his formerly supportive superiors have reached the breaking point.  In the midst of his most drunken “sleeps,” he dreams of Rakel, and of his little sister, who died in his company when she was only seven.  His nightmares become at least as terrifying as the actions of the serial killer, since the nightmares reflect Harry’s mental state and his issues, unresolved by Harry on any level.  Italicized inserts into the action give the point of view of the killer, a man who hates being “spat upon” when he has “no one to spit on in return.” Tom Waaler, with whom Harry is working on the case, becomes even more sinister than he has been in the past as Harry becomes increasingly vulnerable.   Issues regarding Tom and his possible criminal activities, which came up in previous novels, are smoothly incorporated into this novel.  As the search for a “well-integrated sociopath” develops, Nesbo creates an unusually large number of red herrings, even playing with the chronology of the case in order to create more suspense about the suspect.

“Good tragedies always have a little humour,” one character says, and in this novel we see Nesbo’s darkest humor, with some details so over-the-top and close to horror that the reader will smile even while being repulsed.  His repetition of some motifs at other places in the novel reinforces his imagery, preparing the reader for a classic “gotcha” moment at the end.  Nesbo creates a compelling mystery with even more compelling characters, and he does so with literary skill and great panache.  Those who have loved The Redbreast and Nemesis will be as caught up in this novel as in those, and newbies to Nesbo may discover his novels to be at least as addictive as those by Stieg Larsson.

Notes: More by Nesbo, reviewed here: THE REDBREAST,   NEMESIS,      THE REDEEMER, THE SNOWMAN ,      HEADHUNTERS,      THE LEOPARD,       PHANTOM,       THE BAT, POLICE,      COCKROACHES (1998),      THE SON (2014),      BLOOD ON SNOW (2015),      MIDNIGHT SUN (2016),    THE THIRST (2017),     KNIFE (2019)

The author’s photo appears on www.fantasticfiction.co.uk.

Red diamonds are the rarest colored diamonds in the world, with only three known examples of a stone larger than 5.0 carats.  The stone pictured here is the Moussaieff Diamond:  www.whittierjewelrymart.com

The photo of the fountain in Frogner Park, a favorite meeting place in the novel,  is by C Brown, here:  www.trinity.edu

The author’s website is here:  www.jonesbo.com

THE DEVIL'S STAR
REVIEW. Mystery, Thriller, Noir, Nordic Noir, Norway
Written by: Jo Nesbo
Published by: Harper Perennial, Reprint ed.
Date Published: 01/31/2012
Edition: Harry Hole series, #5
ISBN: 978-0061133985
Available in: Ebook Paperback Hardcover

“A needle must feel

deeply needled, ill-

suited to its skin,

to leave its arrow-

straight ways, to stray

into a haystack…”—from “In a Haystack.”

I can honestly say that I have never sat down before with a new book of poetry and found myself so engrossed that I have read the entire book in one leisurely sitting.  Sure, as a student, I may have come close to imitating that experience during an all-nighter with a paper due the next morning, but then I didn’t experience the poems’ pleasure, and probably didn’t read the whole collection, preferring instead to pan for nuggets I could quote for credit.  This collection by Andrea Cohen is different—special—so fresh, so accessible, and so exciting in its imagery, irony, humor, and honest sentiment, that time became irrelevant for me when I was reading.  In the course of three hours, I was laughing, smiling in knowing agreement at new insights, loving the “a-ha” moments when I finally “got” what the poet’s image was all about, weeping at the unvarnished treatment of death in some poems which evoked sorrows of my own, and loving the intimacy of sharing so many events with a woman I had never met but now know better than some of my “closest” friends.

I have reread most of these poems now, and have found ever more subtleties to admire in each line.  I have read them to my (former English major) husband while he has been driving the car (though I had to be reminded to speak more slowly so he could savor the images), and I have recommended them to several friends who also love wonderful writing.  Cohen’s writing is absolutely clear (no fuzzy images and contorted syntax) and clean in its structure—the poems are carefully composed, not the result of unstructured free writing in which a poet so often celebrates himself and the primacy of his every utterance.  These poems often consist of stanzas of equal lengths, with a single line at the end to secure the final idea and give it emphasis. “Current Events,” for example, consists of three-line stanzas, each line having three stresses, as the poet lists perfect moments in time—Asian pears at peak, starlings stringing their nests with hairnet and Christmas lights, a paperboy happy at the weight of his papers, following them with a single line, ordering the reader to “praise, and praise, and praise.”

Andrea Cohen is a communicator, a woman who speaks from the heart without treacle-y sentiment, a poet so skilled in all the arts of poesy that she can match her metrics to the cadences of everyday speech.  In the quotation from “In a Haystack,” at the top of this review, for example, six two-stress lines are read as one easily understood sentence, without all the pauses and heavy beats of most nineteenth century poetry and without the blankness of much twentieth century verse.  Many poems offer unique points of view.  A poem written from the point of view of a needle (with the literal image of a needle “point” and “eye-view” perhaps intended), is amusing in its own right, and in this case the needle is on an adventure, imagining its “one good eye [filled] with the filament of pasture,”  or itself as “pillow to the weary,”  or as “supper to the bell-necklaced goats.”  Here Cohen offers a cheerful and unusual comment on imagination, adventure, and daring to be different.

“To an Ant Fallen in the Salt Shaker” is a humorous reminder to an ant, who may have been looking for sugar, that the sweetness [of life] requires hard work.  “The lair of sugar is heavy-lidded,” and “if the way in to/ sweetness seems direct/ and seamless, beware…”  “The Beauty of Youth” is a paean to the imagination of childhood.  “Flying Fish” considers the predicament of a fish who feels that he is neither fish nor fowl.   “The Song of the Ivory-Billed Woodpecker” is a powerful reminder that this bird is now extinct and that his death as the last of the species occurred because of the species’ refusal to “adapt to cruelty…”

Many poems recall Cohen’s childhood, her family, and the important moments in her early life in the South—saying thank you to the trash pick-up man, the experience of being bitten by a snake and needing an “anti-boat,”  the “ideal day” her father shared with her and her siblings,  and digging to China when her parents were away in China.  But many other poems are from adult life, a heart-stopping poem on the death of her brother, the senility of her grandfather, the killing of the animals in the zoo in Palestine, and issues of love:  while loving and losing is hard, “to have loved and never/ had, to be chained/ to the imagined, its expense/ account without bounds,”  that’s harder still.  Andrea Cohen is a poet whose clarity of vision and imagery combines with the clean structure of her language and verse to create poems which communicate on all levels, some of them humorous, some of them laden with sadness, and all of them unique.   (On my list of Favorites for 2009).

Notes: Andrea Cohen’s photo appears on http://www.salmonpoetry.com/details.php?ID=18&a=18

The flying fish is seen on http://blog.naver.com/

The ivory-billed woodpecker, thought to be extinct, was supposedly sighted in the Arkansas marshes in 2006.  Further investigation, sightings, and photographs, however, have not proven the continued existence of this magnificent birdhttp://www.ivory-bill-woodpecker.com/

Ms. Cohen has received several fellowships from the MacDowell Colony in Peterborough, N.H.

LONG DIVISION
REVIEW. Exploration, Poetry, United States
Written by: Andrea Cohen
Published by: Salmon Poetry (September 8, 2009)
Date Published: 09/08/2009
ISBN: 978-0956128713
Available in: Paperback

Note: This novel was WINNER of the Guardian First Novel Award for 2010.

“What was the point of a life so wounded?…If it was only an unlucky accident, then everything was an accident, only a stark grid of cause and effect.  And if that’s the case, then nothing has meaning beyond the question of whether an event will cause pain; the only thing that can matter is to be free of pain, just as in the life of an animal, and to avoid causing or allowing unnecessary pain, which is the responsibility of humans.”–Sunny Taylor, nurse at Suvanto

A sanitorium set in Suvanto in rural Finland, sometime in the late 1920s, has drawn female patients from all Europe and America.  The “up-patients,” primarily wealthy women who enjoy the specialized spa treatments and the chance to escape from their everyday lives for periods of up to six months, live on the top floor above those who are physically ill.  One physician asserts that “these are bored women, powdered and perfumed for dinner….They like being sick.  That’s all they talk about.  Even at dinner they keep talking about…personal details not appropriate for the dinner table.”  A young American nurse, Sunny Taylor, who has taken a job here to escape the difficult memories of her own life up to this point, is also hard pressed to be completely sympathetic of those who go “too far into self-indulgence, [those who] won’t do much more than eat cookies and make conversation with the nurses…Real need is one thing, but choosing frailty is another.”  Yet Sunny sees beyond the physical details, recognizing that though some “are here only to have their pain–or their discomfort–cultivated and indulged,” they all do experience real pain, some more intensely than others.  They may react to pain differently and try to assuage it differently, but they are all unhappy with their lives “outside.”

The arrival of Julia Dey, a woman with a gynecological infection, changes the atmosphere from what it has been in the past.  Julia is often mean-spirited and sometimes deliberately cruel.  She can sleep during the day but is awake with nightmares at night, and she often wanders.  Her language, chosen deliberately, is often intended to disgust those around her.   Gradually, the lives of the women and their difficulties unfold–Pearl Weber, beautiful and spoiled;  Laimi Lehti, a more rational, less fussy patient; and Mary Minder, who “lives in the moment,” and arrives wearing red shoes to match her luggage and her suit.  All have sought escape here, as they have done in previous years.  They are friends, squabbling, gossiping, and overanalyzing their problems and complaints, and Julia sees them as fair game, quickly zeroing in on them.

Scene from Euripedes' THE BACCHAE, which echoes throughout the novel. Photo by Brad Mays

Dr. Peter Weber, the physician in charge of the hospital, believes that most of their problems are gynecological, and he is developing a special stitch which he believes will cure some of their problems.  This, in combination with hysterectomy, may lead him to fame, he believes–if he can get his research done in this rural hospital without oversight.  It is his surgery on one of the women which leads to the climax and the long denouement, as the conflicts demand resolution.

Paimio sanitorium

In several places throughout this debut novel, author Maile Chapman refers to the action of Euripedes’ The Bacchae,  and though the parallels between that early Greek play and this contemporary novel are not exact, many of the themes become clearer when considered in view of that play.  The women known as “bacchae” in Greek mythology were sometimes considered madwomen, who, acting together, enacted their own vengeance and appeared to be unconquerable.  It may be this trait which has led some critics to call this a “proto-feminist” novel.  The novel, like the play, also depends on sets of contrasts for its action and its characters’ behavior:  civilization vs. savagery, freedom vs. control, the rational vs. the irrational, order vs. chaos, and even men vs. women.  The parallels, though perhaps implied, are not fully developed, however, and the shallow lives of the female “up-patients” certainly do not represent any ideal to which feminists aspire.  Nevertheless, the conflicts do get resolved eventually, and, with echoes of the Greek chorus reverberating throughout the conclusion, many readers will feel that vengeance is enacted and the balance of the universe restored in ways similar to the Greek tragedy.

Patient's room, ca. 1929

The novel is dark, almost claustrophobic in its intensity.  The nauseating descriptions and language which the chaotic Julia Dey employs in her relationships stand in stark contrast to the author’s often beautifully lyrical descriptions of the weather as it changes with the seasons. By leaving much up to the reader and not spelling out what is happening in the latter part of the book, she avoids the trite and the cliched and keeps her novel mysterious and atmospheric.  The novel is often frustrating, however.  The characters are not likable and rarely inspire sympathy, and the author’s real purpose is not clear.  The long descriptions of individual patients would be far more helpful if these characters were, in fact, the dominant characters, but we often get much description of people who, it turns out, are peripheral to the real action.  The idea of the women as victims (i.e., choosing to be victims), as they so often seem to be here, counteracts the idea that these are real bacchae (and feminists), and for most of the novel, the staff are too ineffective to be a legitimate dramatic foil to the patients.  Chapman is an enormously talented writer with a smooth style and sense of drama, however, and many readers will look forward with anticipation to her next novel.

Notes: The author’s photo accompanies an interview on http://www.guardian.co.uk

The photo from a production of The Bacchae may be seen on http://en.wikipedia.org Photo by Brad Mays.

The author indicates in her Acknowledgments that she visited the Paimio Sanitorium in Paimio, Finland, and used it as the model for Suvanto.  Paimio was built (1929 – 1933) by renowned architect Alvar Aalto.  The photo here shows it in its wilderness setting, similar to that of Suvanto: www.artnet.com.

The photo of a patient’s room at Paimio, circa 1929, is posted on this site:  www.aecbytes.com

Note: Irish novelist, John Banville is WINNER of many literary prizes, including the James Tait Black Memorial Prize, the Guardian Fiction Prize, and (2006) the Man Booker Prize for The Sea.

“I [Hermes] speak of my father [Zeus] as my father and of me as his son, but in truth these terms can be only figurative for us, who are not born and do not die, for birth and death are sources, it seems out of which mortal ones derive their sensations of love and loss….Think, if you can, of a sea of eternal potential and of us as the shapes the waters make, surging and swaying; think of the air moulded by weather into transparent forms; think of ice; think of flame–so are we, at once eternal and evanescent.”

John Banville, in his first “literary” novel since his Booker Prize-winning novel THE SEA, presents a most unusual novel which takes place in Arden, a large family home somewhere in Ireland or England, as the family gathers to pay homage to the dying patriarch, Adam Godley.  Godley, who has had a stroke and is thought to be unconscious, is a mathematician renowned for having posited an “exquisite concept, time’s primal particle, the golden egg of Brahma from the broken yolk of which flowed all creation…the infinities.”  As Godley himself acknowledges, “My equations spanned a multitude of universes yet they posited a single world of unity and ultimate order,”  an appropriate achievement for someone whose very name reminds us of the creation of man, before the fall.

Gathering round him are his much younger wife Ursula, who has a drinking problem; his son Adam and his beautiful actress wife Helen, who bears more than a little resemblance to Helen of Troy;  and his strange daughter Petra in whom there is “something missing,” a young woman who is working on an “encyclopedia of morbidity.”  Several servants are in attendance, and guests arrive at the house – Roddy Wagstaff, a man about whom Petra has romantic fantasies, and who may or may not be who she thinks he is; and ultimately, Benny Grace, who knew Adam when they were both young men, and who is often referred to as “goat-footed,” and resembling Pan.  An assortment of Greek gods, invisible to all, are also in attendance – infinite beings who are able to disguise themselves as people and sneak in and out of their personalities – and even beds.

Hermes, the son of Zeus, is the primary narrator, commenting on what is happening in the house and among the characters, while, at the same time, keeping an eye on his father, the randy Zeus, who is found asleep and sucking his thumb following one amorous encounter.  As Hermes explains, having himself been attracted to one of the women present, “You must understand, a god is not a gentleman and likes nothing better than to trifle with a lady’s affections, but,” he believes, “there are rules that apply even to a divinity, and it was incumbent on me to proceed with caution and deference, if the niceties of the game were to be preserved.”

Through the additional points of view of Benny Grace, and, surprisingly, Adam Godley himself, who, it turns out, is processing some of what is happening in his room, the lives of the characters take shape.  Adam Godley’s past, his youth, his first marriage, his wife’s suicide, and his marriage to Ursula are revisited, while the others all deal with complications in their love lives, made more complicated by the tinkering of the gods.  When various characters disappear from the house for assignations in various bowers, wooded and otherwise, the novel begins to resemble A Midsummer Night’s dream, and the huge thunderstorm which breaks before they can all return, brings the action to its climax.

Head of Hermes

The novel often resembles a farce, but it lacks the spontaneity that makes that genre so much fun. Instead, it feels as if every aspect of the novel has been composed and organized to the nth degree.  At times it also feels like a novel of ideas, but those ideas are often murky, and there were times in which I wondered what Banville’s purpose was in writing the book.  Clearly, he is commenting on life, and love, and death, all ideas which interest Hermes, since the gods share none of these experiences.  At one point Hermes even comments that “birth and death are sources, it seems, out of which mortal ones derive their sensations of love and loss,” yet the novel does not seem to jell.  The characters’ names suggest a modern allegory, but the disguises and the mischief of the gods complicate the characters’ lives, and the reader cannot always be sure which characters are real and which are the incarnations of various gods.

Banville may be at a crossroads here.  He has recently written four mystery novels under the name of “Benjamin Black,” all very different from the novels he writes as “John Banville.”  But this novel, while sometimes fun to read, seems stuck halfway between reality and infinity – not quite an “entertainment,” a la Graham Greene with his mystery novels, but not quite the serious novel of character and ideas that his Booker Prize-winning novel THE SEA represents.  Not a comedy despite its absurdity, and a bit amorphous for serious literary fiction, this Banville novel is a puzzle in terms of its purpose but still fun to read.

Notes: The author’s photo is from http://latimesblogs.latimes.com and is by Kieran Doherty/Reuters.

The head of Hermes appears on https://pantherfile.uwm.edu

ALSO by Banville:  THE UNTOUCHABLE,    THE SEA,    SHROUD,    APRIL IN SPAIN

Bernardo Atxaga–OBABAKOAK

Note: Originally written in 1988 and just recently released in a new edition by Graywolf Press, this book was WINNER of Spain’s National Literature Prize in 1989.

“We were young and green [as school children], not in the least preoccupied with the past.  The fact is that the world was more than enough for us.  It spread itself before our eyes like a peacock’s tail and each day brought us a thousand different things with the promise of a thousand, ten thousand, or a hundred thousand more new things to come.  And what was the world?  It was impossible to say really, but it seemed immense to us, unbounded by time or space.”

Last week, if someone had told me that I’d be able to take only one book of short stories with me on a long trip to a desert island, I’d have looked first at all the powerful and intriguing stories by Andre Dubus II.  Then I’d have thought about the stories of John Updike, another favorite story writer, pausing for a long time over the volume which contains “Pigeon Feathers,” one of my favorite stories.  Today, however, I’d be gravitating toward this book, completely different from any collection of stories I’ve ever read, a volume containing so much variety and color in its subject matter, so many overlapping themes, such strange and ultimately intriguing characters (who peek in at various points throughout the book and revisit us in new stories throughout), and so much fascinating discussion about the nature of stories and story-writing that ultimately, I’d probably choose this one for the island trip.  The Dubus and Updike collections are among the best in the world, but on my desert island I think I’d want the stimulation, excitement, humor, uniqueness, and, especially, the sense of wonder that are all contained in this one volume.

Written by Bernardo Atxaga, a contemporary author who writes in euskera, the language of the Basque country, Obabakoak is alternately called a novel and a short story collection.  Too loose to fit the definition of a novel for most people, it still has some repeating characters, and the ending of the book depends on the reader’s careful notice of details among the stories at the beginning.  The integration of the beginning and the end make this a more connected group of offbeat stories than one usually sees.

Set in Obaba in the Basque country, the book allows myth and magic to overlap with theological questions in a story about a poor, ignored, and lonely boy who may or may not have turned into a white boar, which attacks and kills the cruelest people in the village and terrifies the priest.  Animism adds pleasure to the life of an eleven-year-old girl living in the most remote corner of the village, as she walks with her grandfather, saying hello to the bat Gordon, her dog Toby, her horse Kent, and Frankie the chicken, who walks ahead of the group to kill the imaginary snakes.  In time, the reality of farm life and poverty intrude to mar her growing up and shock the reader.

In other stories, a nine-year-old boy meets a man who cannot stop talking and cannot function because his memories are so vivid, and then later meets an old friend in a psychiatric hospital who has had electroshock treatment and now has no memories at all.  A young boy is seduced by the village teacher, frustrated because she has not heard from her lover at home, wantonly destroying the boy’s life.  Angels appear and disappear,  dreams and nightmares become real, and characters become incarnations of the devil.  While religion seems to inform the lives of the characters, religion here is a cultural characteristic built from the stories the characters have shared from their own lives, and not a religion based on external doctrine.  The deaths, and even murders, which are at the root of many of these stories are often attributed more to fate or superstition than to any sense of religious destiny, and as the stories of these deaths are repeated a village heritage and history are formed.

The second half of the book, “In Search of the Last Word,” consists of many very short stories, most of them traditional plots common to other parts of the world, and as Atxaga develops these stories through his narrator, the narrator’s friend, and “the uncle from Montevideo,” the characters also talk about writing and what stories tell about the culture and the characters who tell and retell them.  Albino Maria becomes deaf when a lizard climbs into his head through his ear, and a “Mr. Smith” tells of the wife of a scientist who goes deep into the Amazon looking for her husband and finds him completely changed, a stranger.  A bicycle rider of great renown in the village proves to have feet of clay.  These stories, for which the story-tellers are always looking for the “last word,” lead to discussions in which life’s truths are plumbed and the nature of fiction is examined.

One section, entitled “How to Write a Story in Five Minutes,” a playful and teasing examination of the creative process, is hilarious, while another, “How to Plagiarize,” gets into the ironies and humor of developing themes that have existed for generations.  The conclusion will leave the reader with a huge smile of recognition as old characters come back for an encore, not necessarily pleasant.  Ultimately, “Life,” however, “is a journey full of difficulties in which Chance and Free Will intervene in equal measure, a journey, in which, despite those difficulties…it is possible to advance and safely reach that final pond where the Great Mother Goose awaits us.”  Stories within stories within stories take the reader on dozens of journeys to discover new places, new and strange characters, and old themes seen in new incarnations.  And the book is really fun!  Definitely a collection that will give pleasure whether you are on a desert island or just looking for some great stories at home.

ALSO by Bernardo Atxaga: THE ACCORDIONIST’S SON and     SEVEN HOUSES IN FRANCE

Notes: The author’s photo is from http://en.wikipedia.org

Bike trips through Basque country are offered by this site: www.bluemarble.org, which has supplied this photo.

Guipuzcoa, featured in the magnificent photo of the fog, is where Bernardo Atxaga was born.  The photo is here: http://www.vidwallpapers.com

OBABAKOAK
REVIEW. Basque Country, Exploration, Literary, Short Stories, Spain
Written by: Bernardo Atxaga
Published by: Graywolf Press
Date Published: 03/02/2010
ISBN: 978-1555975517
Available in: Ebook Paperback

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