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“Now I know what my price is.”

One of the hottest writers of mystery/thrillers in Europe these days is Stieg Larsson, a Swedish journalist, photographer, and political activist in socialist causes, who worked tirelessly to expose the history of the extreme right and its crimes, including neo-Nazi crimes.  When he died suddenly in 2004, at age fifty, Larsson left a completed trilogy of novels in a vault, written for fun during his career but never published.   Two of these novels have now been released in Europe to enormous critical and popular acclaim, and the first one, The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo is receiving the same kind of treatment in the US, where it was published this past fall.

The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo,  begins with the arrival of  Mikael Blomqvist on remote Hedeby Island.  Blomqvist has been hired to do research for the biography of prominent Swedish industrialist Henrik Vanger and his large family, and he is looking for a place to stay where he can avoid attention. Blomqvist, a financial journalist for Millenium magazine, is due to serve a three-month prison sentence soon for libeling a man he accused of criminal activity. For private reasons, he did not challenge the charge and offered no defense, preferring to serve the sentence and get it over with to avoid the unrelenting publicity of the case.

The temporary job he accepts on this remote island involves the search for Harriet Vanger, Henrik’s niece who disappeared from the island when she was sixteen–thirty-seven years ago.  Despite searches that continued for many years, no trace of her has ever been found.

Hired to help Blomqvist in his research is an assistant, Lizbeth Salander, a disturbed young woman who is under the guardianship of the state. Salander has suffered enormous sexual and emotional abuse and has withdrawn to the point that she trusts no one and can make no emotional connections. Marking events in her life through tattoos and body piercings, she lives as solitary a life as possible, making limited contact with the outside world through the internet where she has “met” several fellow computer hackers.  Her desire to be alone, and her skills with the computer, make her a formidable researcher for Blomqvist.  Gradually, Salander begins to respond to Blomqvist’s honesty and respect for her talents as she discovers important new information about the Vanger family.

Though the novel starts slowly as the characters are introduced and the genealogy of the Vanger family is explored, author Stieg Larsson succeeds in creating a sense of Sweden’s social culture and atmosphere as he uses the remote island location to set up the equivalent of a “closed room” mystery.

Vibrant characters carry the developing action.  The reader cares about Blomqvist and Salander from the beginning, as both are vulnerable and have suffered unjustly, and as the novel develops, the reader also gains sympathy for the elderly Henrik Vanger. The author, however, uses his reputation as an ardent anti-fascist and anti-racist reformer to give authenticity to his depictions of dangerous Vanger relatives, some of whom have been ardent adherents of ultra-conservative Swedish  and Nazi movements, and proponents of despicable crimes.

The suspense builds as family secrets unfold dramatically—murder, rape, torture, and long-term sexual abuse, for starters. The novel becomes an utterly compelling can’t-put-it-downer, as the reader “travels” with Blomqvist and Salander, sharing their frustrations and their physical danger as they investigate Harriet’s decades-old disappearance.

Developed in minute detail, this rich novel is especially satisfying because it leaves no loose threads, connecting every detail to produce a blockbuster conclusion which satisfies in every way.  Only the characters—Salander and Blomqvist—remain  “unfinished,” to be further developed in The Girl Who Played with Fire.  This second novel in the trilogy will be published in the US in July.

Photo: The author’s photo appears on http://www.theglobeandmail.com

ALSO by Stieg Larsson:  THE GIRL WHO PLAYED WITH FIRE,        THE GIRL WHO KICKED THE HORNET’S NEST

By David Lagercrantz: THE GIRL IN THE SPIDER’S WEB      THE GIRL WHO TAKES AN EYE FOR AN EYE,     THE GIRL WHO LIVED TWICE

The Swedish  films made from these books are also reviewed here:  THE GIRL WITH THE DRAGON TATTOO (FILM),       THE GIRL WHO PLAYED WITH FIRE (FILM),       THE GIRL WHO KICKED THE HORNET’S NEST (FILM)

 


Toni Morrison–A MERCY

Note: Toni Morrison was WINNER of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1993.  In 2000 she was WINNER of the National Humanities Medal given to those who “deepen the nation’s understanding of the humanities.”

“I don’t think God knows who we are. I think He would like us, if He knew us, but I don’t think He knows about us… [He made us] but He made the tails of peacocks, too. That must have been harder.”

Nobel Prize-winning author Toni Morrison continues her powerful examination of slavery’s evil legacy, a focus of her long career, by creating an intense and involving novel set in the Atlantic colonies between 1682 and 1690, when the slave trade from the Portuguese colonies in Africa was a lucrative business for many colonists. Here Morrison examines slavery from its earliest days, concentrating on its short term and long-term effects on society as a whole and the people, especially the women, who were it greatest victims. Slaves were a valuable commodity in the southern colonies; even in New York, where most of this action takes place, slaves were owned, and property laws governing their ownership were respected.

As she does so frequently in her novels, Morrison creates her story through several different points of view while moving back and forth in time, creating unique voices and an impressionistic mood which keeps the suspense high. The primary speaker is Florens, a young black girl, aged sixteen at the outset of the novel, who tells the reader that her narrative is a confession, “full of curiosities,” and that she has committed a violent, bloody, once-in-a-lifetime crime which she will never repeat. When Florens was only eight years old, she had been given up, at the suggestion of her own mother, to New York farmer Jacob Vaark by a Maryland planter to settle a debt. Florens has never understood why her mother offered her up to Vaark, thereby forcing her to abandon her family and “home” to travel hundreds of miles to Vaark’s farm in cold, upstate New York.

There, outside of Albany, Florens lives and works for the next eight years, part of a small “family” of other enslaved or indentured farm workers and their Master and Mistress, all of whom the reader comes to know. Vaark’s wife Rebekkah, who is often alone when Vaark is traveling, also tells her own story of having left England on the six week voyage to New York to be married to a man she has never seen. Vaark, himself an orphan and survivor of the poorhouse, tells of his journeys from New York to Maryland and Virginia, commenting on the role of religion in the culture of the different colonies, along with their attitudes toward slavery.

As Morrison examines the roots of racism going back to the earliest days of slavery in the colonies, she provides glimpses of the various religions being practiced at the time—Presbyterianism, Catholicism, and Church of England, for example— their attitudes toward life and death, and their interpretations of an individual’s obligations in relation to God and their fellow man. At the same time she also depicts the spiritual lives of her non-white characters, who follow natural laws, rather than ecclesiastical laws. The ability to “read” signs and portents, to see the future from studying unusual natural phenomena, and to communicate with the spirit world—ghosts and specters—reflect similar hopes for knowledge which traditional (white) society believes it finds in the church.

Throughout the novel, women are victimized by the social expectations of the day and, often, by the fact that they have no standing either in the law or in religion. Those who do not follow a set creed, held in common by society, such as the slaves and the practical Rebekkah, are doubly alienated, at the mercy of the legal and ecclesiastical world in which they live.  They have all learned that women are “of and for men,” that they are people who “never shape the world, The world shapes us.” An intense and thought-provoking look at slavery from its beginnings, this is a novel of epic scope, filled with complex philosophical, Biblical, and feminist issues and symbols. Morrison’s themes are clear and unambiguous, and her many admirers will celebrate this novel for its message, even as they may regret its sacrifice of full character development to that message.

Notes: The author’s photo by Francois Guillot / AFP / Getty appears on http://10questions.time.com

Typical slave quarters in Maryland: http://www.hearthcook.com, a site designed by Patricia Bixler Reber.

“What is going on here is past hope.  It may well lead to war, but how hard is that way out!  The painter with his brush, the poet with his pen, the orator on the podium, they have all pointed out the horrors of war, and Man has understood…But then the violent criminal steps up.  He stirs up the earth, he will always appear and destroy, because there will always be violent people.  He who clings to the surface of the earth is doomed.”

In simple language that sometimes takes on the cadences of the psalms, the soaring intensity of opera, and the beautifully repeated phrases of canons, author Veza Canetti tells the semi-autobiographical story of an artistic couple trapped just outside Vienna at the time of Kristallnacht, November, 1938, a terror she and her husband had also endured.  The Canettis managed to escape from Austria just ten days after Kristallnacht, and immediately upon their arrival in England, Veza Canetti began to write this book. Using fictional characters, she fills the narrative with vibrant details from her own recent experiences, completing the “novel” in the spring of 1939.

The main characters, Eva and her husband Andreas Kain, a Jewish writer, have been told that they will be shot if they remain in Austria, but they cannot leave—they have no visa for any other country, despite applications.  Eva and Kain view the world differently from each other.  Eva sees the changes in her Austrian neighborhood as terrifying, while Kain sees nothing of the violence and death.  A poet who believes that if you like someone, that person will like you back, Kain’s naivete is partly responsible for the delay in their plans to leave.  In the face of swastika flags appearing even on their own balcony, and their landlady’s announcement that they must vacate their apartment because a German couple plans to move in, Kain still goes to a local coffeehouse to read the paper, surprised when another patron points him out to the waiter, who requires him to leave.

Focusing on day-to-day life in a neighborhood in which Jews have always lived peaceably among their neighbors, the author emphasizes the human interactions and the major and minor tragedies which arise when the Nazis take over.  By keeping the focus on the small and the immediate, the author emphasizes by contrast the monumental scope of the “cleansing,” which has affected thousands of similar, ordinary communities. Many characters, such as Kain, do not believe that the horrors can possibly be real.  Educated and intellectual, Kain lives in an academic cocoon, protected from political and social realities.  Kain’s brother Werner, a respected geologist, does not even believe that “there is such a thing as this Fuhrer.”  Ironically, he has a visa, but, tied to the earth and his collection of rock treasures, he refuses to leave.

Two Nazis manage to control nearly all aspects of their neighborhood life.  The first is a German SS officer, who moves into the large villa where the Kains live to supervise the occupation and control the population, primarily through intimidation.  The other Nazi is Baldur Pilz, an Austrian who is particularly proud of his “low number,” proof that he was among the first Austrians to join the Nazi movement.  Both men are venal and ignorant, representative of a level of society that people like Eva and Kain have never known.

Throughout the novel, the tortoise acts as a symbol of the Jews’ plight.  When the novel opens, Kain brings home a small tortoise, which he “has rescued from humiliation.”  In the city, he says, tortoises are being branded with swastikas, “burned for all time into their shells.”  Because Kain has saved it, this small, but long-lived tortoise will not have to carry the swastika forever on its back, and it may even outlive Nazism.  It can “live off nothing, off air, off leaves, needing only warmth,” and though vulnerable to vultures or wild animals, it can survive because of its “inner shell.”  It is man who is the most sadistic towards the tortoise, cutting flesh off its living body to get tasty, fresh meat, cutting its heart out, or detaching its brain.  Even then the tortoise can still go on creeping.   It does not die quickly—unless it is deprived of warmth.

The immediacy of author Canetti’s own experience is obvious in small, homely details and realistic characterizations which bring this story to life.  The contrast between the dignity of the betrayed Jews and the carnality of their oppressors contributes a stark elegance to this narrative of betrayals.  A few moments of warmth and tenderness make the inexorability of the conclusion particularly heart-rending.  Though this novel was scheduled for publication in 1939, Britain’s entry into the war prevented this, and it remained among Canetti’s papers after her death in 1963.  Prepared for publication and released for the first time in 2001, sixty-two years after it was written, it has finally been released in paperback. (On my Favorites List for 2007)

Credits: The Kristallnacht photo is from http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org

William Kennedy–IRONWEED

Note: This novel was WINNER of the Pulitzer Prize and National Book Critics Circle Award in 1984.  The author was also WINNER of the 2009 O’Neill Award for Lifetime Achievement.

“My guilt is all I have left. If I lose it, I have stood for nothing, done nothing.”

With Ironweed, William Kennedy completes his three novels of Depression-era Albany, wrapping up this study of time, place, and people with an emotionally gripping Pulitzer Prize-winner (1984) that focuses on those who call themselves “bums,” all of them living apart from society because their dreams have died. Francis Phelan, long-absent father of Billy Phelan, the main character in the previous novel, Billy Phelan’s Greatest Game, returns to Albany for the first time in twenty-two years. In the previous novel, which concludes a week before Ironweed begins, Francis reconnects with his son Billy, who, stunned by Francis’s reappearance, gets him out of jail, gives him money, and begs him to visit his mother and the family.

Francis, a former pro ballplayer, lost his career when he lost part of a finger in a fight. He abandoned his wife Annie and his family when he accidentally dropped and killed his 13-day-old son Gerald, an act for which he still atones. Francis, however, now discovers from Billy that Annie has never revealed to anyone how Gerald died, a proof of forgiveness that Francis finds astounding.

For the past nine years Francis has been living on the road with another down-and-outer, Helen Archer, who managed one year at Vassar studying classical piano before her father died and her life fell apart. Smart and perceptive about people, Helen, like Francis, has tried unsuccessfully to find solace in the bottle, and now, suffering from a tumor and the effects of alcoholism, she tries to make peace with herself and her life. Both Francis and Helen understand that they have chosen their lives, and they cast no blame on others or on fate. Their many acquaintances all have similar stories, and as these stories interweave and overlap, Kennedy endows them with a tenderness of feeling and, sometimes, with an overwhelming violence, which stun the involved reader with their power.

As Francis relives events in his life, his inner world takes shape. The opening scene, a trip to the cemetery, where Francis visits his parents’ graves and that of baby Gerald for the first time, is one of the most dramatic openings ever written, and as Francis converses with his lost family, he establishes the contrasts with his present life. Scenes in which Francis, cursed with a hair-trigger temper, literally fights to the death alternate with scenes involving Annie and his family; scenes of his childhood and adolescence alternate with sad scenes involving the deaths of his homeless friends.

A book so good it will leave you reeling, Ironweed tears at the heart without showing a trace of sentimentality, depicting hard lives lived by down-and-out people, most of whom still possess the redeeming virtues of the more saintly who live “normal” lives. Hard-edged, sometimes violent, and even cruel, it also reveals human kindness, sweetness, and love. Kennedy’s naturalistic style and ability to create realistic dialogue give life to the stories of these characters and leave the reader with new insights into the nature of family ties, the choices we make, the forgiveness sometimes offered by others, and the nature of redemption if we choose to accept it.  (On my list of All-time Favorites.)

Credits: The author’s photo appears on the site of the Irish American Writers and Artists Organization:  http://www.i-am-wa.org/william_kennedy.html

In the stunning opening scene, Francis visits Albany Rural Cemetery, pictured here:  http://commons.wikimedia.org

The book was made into a film starring Jack Nicholson and Meryl Streep in 1987.  http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art61149.asp

Also by William Kennedy: LEGS and BILLY PHELAN’S GREATEST GAME (These links will go to my Amazon reviews of these earlier novels.)  The three books have been combined  by Penguin into a single volume, An Albany Trio:


“As a girl, one of [the Queen’s] greatest thrills had been on VE night when she and her sister had slipped out of the gates and mingled unrecognized with the crowds. There was something of that, she felt, to reading. It was anonymous; it was shared; it was common. And she who had led a life apart now found that she craved it. There in these pages and between these covers she could go unrecognized.”

Chasing after her rowdy dog-pack one day, the Queen discovers them barking at a “removal-like van,” a bookmobile, parked outside the kitchen at Windsor.  Entering the mobile library to apologize for the din, the Queen meets Norman Seakins, a young man from the kitchen whose primary interest is in gay books and photography.  Feeling obligated to take a book, the Queen borrows a novel by Ivy Compton-Burnett, intending to return it the following week when the bookmobile returns.

Almost immediately, her life changes.  That night, when the president of France arrives, she abandons her usual safe conversation and, addressing the president, remarks,  “I’ve been longing to ask you about the writer Jean Genet…Homosexual and jailbird, was he nevertheless, as bad as he was painted?”  The French president, unbriefed on this topic, knows it’s going to be a long evening.

As the Queen’s reading tastes expand, often under the direction of Norman, whom she promotes to being her “amanuensis,” she becomes less interested in the day-to-day activities of state.  She arrives late to the opening of Parliament because Norman had to fetch the book she wanted to read in the coach during the procession.  She no longer keeps to the tried and true conversational subjects (the traffic on the road to the palace), raising new topics, unexpectedly, as she mixes with the public and meets honored guests.  People become confused and alarmed by her spontaneous questions, and members of the general public become tongue-tied when the Queen asks them what they are reading.  Dinner conversations no longer have the pleasant, easy-going atmosphere that once made invitations to the palace such memorable occasions.

Her family is delighted by her reading—she leaves them alone and gives them more freedom than ever before—but the press notes that she is less careful of her dress, sometimes wearing the same outfit to two events in the same month.  Her equerries worry  that she has Alzheimer’s because she’s constantly writing things down. Eventually, the Prime Minister becomes alarmed, after being ignored during an interminable weekend at Balmoral because the Queen was reading.  He determines to stop this activity.

In this wickedly wry novella, Alan Bennett explores reading, writing, and their effects on our lives as he develops this imaginative and warmly humorous scenario.  Though the eponymous “uncommon reader” is the Queen, her reactions to her reading (and other people’s responses to her as a result of her reading) are so true-to-life and so plausible that Bennett accomplishes a feat rarely even attempted—he makes the reader identify with the Queen of England in her increasingly voracious reading habits.  Soon she is keeping a journal of her reading, and Bennett’s fans and readers of this novella will be rooting for her triumph as a bibliophile.

Bennett’s humor has always depended on the fine line he creates between reality and absurdity, and his explorations into the absurd are so close to reality, or what we might wish reality to be, that the reader sees, ironically, the absurdity of reality itself.  The Queen’s real life, which some consider absurd on its face, plays into Bennett’s hands here, as he posits an alternative “reading lifestyle,” one to which many of his readers are firmly committed.  He is respectful of the Queen here, making her seem human (though perhaps that, in and of itself, will be thought disrespectful by traditionalists) and connected with her public in new ways.  Bennett keeps the humor low-key, evoking images which allow the reader to discover, unassisted, the ironies which are so hilarious throughout the novella.

As the Queen takes full charge of her life, the reader begins to wonder how Bennett will ever end this wonderful romp of a book.  Then he surprises us with a perfect, climactic ending, which takes place on her eightieth birthday.  Dramatist that he is, Bennett knows exactly when to stop.  And does.  (On my Favorites List for 2007)

Notes: The photo of the author accompanies a wonderful character study of him at http://www.guardian.co.uk

The Queen and her staff surrounded by her some of her seven corgis.  http://www.dailymail.co.uk

The Queen reading:  http://hubpages.com

THE UNCOMMON READER
REVIEW. Queen Elizabeth, England, Humor, Satire, Absurdity
Written by: Alan Bennett
Published by: Picador
Edition: Reprint.
ISBN: 978-0312427641

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