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“I can’t believe it, that I actually did it. But it’s true, I really did. I didn’t want to, I wasn’t planning it. I thought we’d talk…and that you’d come around. That you’d say all right, I understand…you’re right, you win. We’ll end this, and then I’ll leave…I thought that maybe it wouldn’t even be that hard to make you see reason. But instead, instead: no. You’re a stubborn woman. Or you were.” –the murderer of Cecilia de Santis Festa.

COVERMaurizio de Giovanni, whose Neapolitan noir novels have sold almost a million copies, may be the only author who has ever featured a murder committed with a “snow globe” containing a hula dancer playing an ukulele. Famous primarily for his series of seven noir mysteries set in Naples during the rule of Benito Mussolini and featuring Inspector Luigi Alfredo Ricciardi, de Giovanni has also developed a second series, this one set in contemporary Naples. Following the  The Crocodile, the most violent and horror-filled of all de Giovanni’s novels, The Bastards of Pizzofalcone (#2), the second in the Lojacono series, includes some of the author’s trademark elements of dark humor and irony, missing from The Crocodile. Returning to the character-based novels which made the Ricciardi series so popular, de Giovanni develops a large cast of characters, who may become “regulars” in future novels. These include four “damaged” police officers, the “bastards,” who have been assigned to work in Pizzofalcone, a steep, hilly area to the southwest of central Naples. All have had career problems and must now prove themselves in Pizzofalcone, where a widespread scandal involving police corruption and connections to the Neapolitan Mafia, known as the Camorra, has led to massive dismissals. These new officers will have only a short period of time to prove their worth or they will be dismissed and the Pizzofalcone precinct closed.

de giovanni photoGiuseppi Lojacono, the most experienced of the four “bastards,” was sent to Naples from Sicily after a low level member of the Sicilian Mafia turned state’s witness and testified that the innocent Lojacono, who had been particularly effective in rooting out crime, was, in fact a Mafia informant. With no evidence against him, Lojacono could not be tried and was shipped to Naples to work at the San Gaetano precinct, languishing with nothing to do until he began investigating the case of “the Crocodile” on his own, eventually solving it and gaining, on some level, a little respect. Because he was not part of the investigative team assigned to the case, however, he angered many long-time officers at the precinct, jealous of his success, and when someone with his skills was needed in the Pizzofalcone precinct in Naples, he was shipped out. Lonely and isolated, with his family, including an ex-wife and daughter, back in Sicily, Lojacono is the most experienced – and most mature – of the four new hires at the Pizzofalcone station. When a much-admired woman is murdered with a “snow globe,” he and his group of three other “failures” become the investigative team.

snow globe

Hula dancer with ukulele, an unlikely murder weapon.

Partnering with Lojacono is an “overgrown kid,” Corporal Marco Aragona, whose skin was “a vaguely orange hue,” someone who “spends a lot of time in a tanning bed and dresses like a TV detective.” A maniac behind the wheel of a car, Aragona has been kicked off two bodyguard details, and has already been rejected by everyone at headquarters, but as he is the grandson of a prefect, no one can fire him. Alessandra Di Nardo, an officer first class who has just been transferred to Pizzofalcone, excels at marksmanship, but that skill is her undoing when a shot is discharged from her pistol in the precinct station “in circumstances that remained murky.” She will be working directly with Francisco Romano, known as “Hulk,” someone who cannot control his own strength, much less his anger. “The third time he grabbed a suspect by the throat, they suspended him. When he went back on duty they sent him straight [to Pizzofalcone].” Two long-term officers – Giorgio Pisanelli, who, on his own, investigates suicides he thinks may be murders, and Ottavia Calabrese, who works long hours to escape family problems, are “desk jockeys” with little experience in the field, but they know the area and will serve as local resources for the two-person teams who will be actively investigating crimes.

The ramps of Pizzofalcone, a hilly area with a 45% grade in many places. Photo by Frank Gilbreath.

The ramps of Pizzofalcone, a precinct with a 45% grade in many places. Photo by Frank Gilbreath.

Lojacono and Aragona soon become involved in the “snow globe murder” of Cecilia de Santis Festa, the highly respected, wealthy wife of Arturo Festa, whom she met when they were both in college many years ago. Without any financial resources of his own, Festa was able, through his wife’s contacts, to become the most prominent notary in the area. In recent years, he has had a series of mistresses, one of whom gives him an alibi for the night in which his wife was murdered. While they are investigating this murder, Alessandra Di Nardo and Francisco Romano take a call from a crippled, old woman, Donna Amalia, who spends all day looking out her window at an apartment across the way. She has become convinced that the pretty, young woman living there is being held captive, as the shades are always closed, no one comes to answer the doorbell, the woman never goes out, and none of the local shopkeepers make any deliveries of food or other goods to the apartment. De Giovanni’s description of this old woman explodes with dark humor, and her hilarious descriptions and commentary will keep readers amused, even as they recognize her insights into personality. When Alessandra and Francisco investigate the plight of the young woman, their shared activities help them both develop important new understandings.

The funicular at Pizzofalcone, used by 28,000 people a day, and over 10 million in a year. The diagonal car is built with stepped platforms for safety.

The funicular at Pizzofalcone, used by 28,000 people a day, and over 10 million people a year. The diagonal car is built with stepped platforms for safety.

Throughout the novel, various unidentified characters, including the murderer, comment on their lives in italicized passages.  As readers come to know more about the police and others involved in these cases, the specific descriptive details in these sections eventually allow the reader to identify the speakers and provide more intimate understanding of their thoughts and motivations.  Dense with characters, the novel is light on action, but if one goal of this novel is to provide an introduction to characters who will repeat in new novels in this series, it is completely successful. While the novel is great fun to read, the conclusion may disappoint some readers, with many red herrings involving many characters. Surprises are always expected in mysteries, but the events leading up to the big revelation regarding the murder here may be too out-of-the-blue to ring true to many readers. Ultimately, the quotation used to introduce this review takes on new and ironic meanings when the murderer claims that “I can’t believe it, that I actually did it.” Frankly, I couldn’t, either.

ALSO by de Giovanni, Lojacono series:    THE CROCODILE (#1),    THE BASTARDS OF PIZZOFALCONE (#2),     DARKNESS FOR THE BASTARDS OF PIZZOFALCONE (#3),     COLD FOR THE BASTARDS OF PIZZOFALCONE  (#4),    THE BASTARDS OF PIZZOFALCONE (LOJACONO #5)

Insp. Ricciardi series:  I WILL HAVE VENGEANCE (#1),     BLOOD CURSE (#2),     EVERYONE IN THEIR PLACE (#3),     DAY OF THE DEAD (#4),     BY MY HAND (#5),     VIPER (#6),     THE BOTTOM OF YOUR HEART (#7),     GLASS SOULS: MOTHS FOR COMMISSARIO RICCIARDI (#8)     NAMELESS SERENADE (#9)

Photos, in order:  The author’s photo appears on http://tuttiicoloridelgiallo.ch/

The snow globe, which becomes a murder weapon here, is from http://www.ebay.tv

The steep ramps of Pizzofalcone, seen on http://www.panoramio.com,  is a photo by Frank Gilbreath on http://www.panoramio.com/user/

The funicular, with its diagonal cars and stepped platforms, allow patrons to enter on a level.  http://onthegrandtour.blogspot.com/     Over ten million people a year use this ride to deal with the steep hills in Naples.

ARC:  Europa Editions

THE BASTARDS OF PIZZOFALCONE
REVIEW. Photos, Italy, Mystery, Thriller, Neapolitan Noir, Social and Political Issues |
Written by: Maurizio de Giovanni
Published by: Europa Editions
Date Published: 04/05/2016
Edition: World Noir Series
ISBN: 978-1609453145
Available in: Ebook Paperback

John Preston–THE DIG

“On the outside, I was perfectly controlled….My mind, though, was a riot. Dazzled one moment, then plunged into confusion the next. But even in the midst of this headspin, I knew with absolute certainty that I would unearth something… All the time my hands worked unhesitatingly away, just as if they were being guided. They might have had strings attached to them.”—Peggy Piggott, archaeologist at Sutton Hoo.

cover the digBoth a journalist and a novelist, British author John Prescott puts all his writing talents to use in this stimulating work which straddles the line between reality and fiction.  Set in June, 1939, near Woodbridge, on a North Sea estuary about a hundred miles northeast of London, The Dig engages the reader from the opening Prologue. Basil Browne, a local resident with great sensitivity to the both geology and archaeology, has returned at night to the site where he has been digging for several weeks and where he has already found evidence of a ship, its outline preserved by elements from the local soil which have replaced the material from which the ship was originally constructed. No longer digging but carefully brushing away dirt with a pastry brush to avoid causing any damage, Browne has now unearthed a piece of ancient wood, which he believes may be part of a burial chamber inside the ship and which may date back to the Vikings. Browne has been leading a few local workers hired by Mrs. Edith Pretty, the widowed owner of an estate called Sutton Hoo, to excavate some of the strange mounds which dot her agricultural land. Her deceased husband had always wondered what was inside these mounds – almost two dozen of them – and as they seem to have been remote enough to have escaped the depredations of looters who have ruined other sites, Mrs. Pretty now hopes to honor his memory by unearthing something of historical importance. When Browne, in his excitement, rushes back to the estate to tell Mrs. Pretty what he has just discovered, he is put in his place by the butler; Mrs. Pretty is preparing for bed and the butler will not disturb her.

Author photo by Toby Jenkins.

Author photo by Toby Jenkins.

This Prologue sets the scene, the tone, and the atmosphere for the narrative which follows. Sutton Hoo is a real place, and its excavations, along with the internecine rivalries which emerge among local and national historic preservation groups, as they are described here, parallel what really happened in 1939, bringing the author’s journalistic skills to the forefront. The novel really excels, however, in the vibrant personalities created for Basil Browne, Grately the butler, Mrs. Pretty, and all the other participants in the drama of the excavation. These emerge through the characters’ conversations and behavior, which though plausible under the circumstances, are not factual (unless someone has left long personal recordings that have never been discovered). Adding dialogue and some imagination to his reality allows author Preston much more flexibility in telling his story, however. His characters become much “rounder” and more realistic, allowing modern readers to identify with them and be drawn into the expanded story.

Sutton Hoo

Sutton Hoo, near Woodbridge, about a hundred miles northeast of London, on an estuary a few miles from the North Sea.

Three main points of view carry the narrative, beginning with the brief Prologue by Basil Browne, the local man consumed with his mission to find and preserve the artifacts he believes are hidden in the mounds, then changing to that of Edith Pretty a widow who seems much older than she is.  Married when she was in her mid-thirties to a man fifteen years older, Mrs. Pretty was in her late forties, and her husband Frank in his early sixties, when she gave birth to their son Robert.  Because her husband, was always interested in the mounds on their farm in Sutton Hoo, Mrs. Pretty decides to have one or more of them excavated as a memorial to him after his death. The impending outbreak of World War II hastens her decision, and much of the excavation is pushed along because of fear that with war, all work will have to stop. Because Mrs. Pretty is physically weak and sickly, and sometimes suffers from vertigo, her son Robert, a bright, young boy with nothing to do and no one to play with, spends much time “helping” on the dig, which provides him with attention he does not get at home.

One of the mounds at Sutton Hoo. Photo by John Robertson

One of the mounds at Sutton Hoo. Photo by John Robertson

The discovery of a “ghost” ship (so-called because the wood that it was made from has all rotted away, leaving only an outline in the sand) can not be kept secret from local residents, and Mrs. Pretty’s decision to have a sherry party and tour of the site for local historians unmasks the resentments and jealousies among them, which spread as the news travels to the wider world. Rivalries among competing local historical museums, Cambridge University, and the British Museum itself become intense, as each groups wants a piece of the action, not to mention the artifacts themselves. One group even seeks funding to build a special museum locally so that all the discoveries can stay local. As it gradually becomes apparent that Sutton Hoo may be a more significant archaeological site than originally assumed, national officials eventually exercise their powers over the locals and engineer their replacement or demotions as managers of the site.

Screen capture of the ghost image of the ship from a film of the work by Harold John Phillips. Note that the interior of the ship is of sand which has replaced the original wood

Screen capture of the ghost image of the ship from a film of the work by Harold John Phillips. Note that the interior of the ship is of sand which replaced the original wood as it decayed. Click to enlarge.

One of the new professionals hired at the site is Peggy Piggott, a newlywed on her honeymoon, who with her husband sees this as a fascinating opportunity to start a new life and career. Peggy knows what she is doing at the dig, though how far she can trust her husband is open to question. She becomes the third point of view here and further adds to the story by having her nephew, a photographer, come to stay and take photographs of the work site.   Edith Pretty and Basil Brown bring their points of view up to date again in later sections, as the courts decide who actually owns the treasure. In a wonderful coda to the novel, Robert Pretty, Edith’s son, returns to the site in 1965, more than twenty-five years later, and shares his memories and discoveries upon his arrival there, providing a firm closing to the novel.

Helmet, thought to have belonged to Raedwald (599 - 624), King of the East Anglians

Helmet found at Sutton Hoo, thought to have belonged to Raedwald (599 – 624), King of the East Anglians.

However exotic the subject matter, the author’s style remains plain and unadorned. He eschews fancy terminology and provides little in the way of complex analysis of the artifacts to prove their age and purpose. When he says that most professionals now regard the burial site at Sutton Hoo to be that of the early East Anglian King Raedewald (599 – 624), and not a later Viking king, the reader sees his rationale and accepts it at face value. The site’s “treasures,” primarily belts, shoulder clasps, armor, pottery, and some gold and jewel work provide proof, should anyone need it, that the Dark Ages were certainly not dark in East Anglia. On my Favorites list, this absorbing and well written book about an historic find will satisfy and entertain book clubs, adult readers, and Young Adults curious about ancient history.

ALSO by John Preston, A VERY ENGLISH SCANDAL: Sex, Lies, and a Murder Plot at the Heart of the Establishment

Photos, in order:  The author’s photo by Toby Jenkins appears on http://www.goodreads.com/

Tranmer Hall, formerly known as Sutton Hoo House, is part of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.  http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/sutton-hoo

Mound #1 at Sutton Hoo, photo by John Robertson.  http://www.telegraph.co.uk/

Screen capture of the ghost image of the ship, from a film of the work by Harold John Phillips. Note that the interior of the ship is now sand which replaced the original wood as it decayed. Click to enlarge. https://en.wikipedia.org/

Helmet found at Sutton Hoo, thought to have belonged to Raedwald (599 – 624), King of the East Anglians. https://commons.wikimedia.org/

ARC:  Other Press

THE DIG
REVIEW. Photos. Book Club Suggestions, England, Historical, Literary, Social and Political Issues
Written by: John Preston
Published by: Other Press
Date Published: 04/19/2016
ISBN: 978-1590517802
Available in: Ebook Paperback

“An old man’s mind is a mountain, each memory a milk-washed bell. It’s true, God holds the future, which is uncertain and unknown, so let him hold it. But the old man holds the past…No god can summon it before him and rearrange it at his will…[To] an old man, a day from fifty years back [is] as loud as another not even a fortnight old. And so the gods grow jealous of the old man. They hold the Cup of Lethe to his lips. His feet grow weak…and gone is the old man’s strength to ring the bells.”—Grandfather to the youth.

cover stork mountainIn the Strandja Mountains, where Bulgaria, Turkey, and Greece come together, a young graduate student who left Bulgaria for the United States as a boy, reconnects with his grandfather, from whom the family has heard nothing for the past three years. Unsuccessful in his college studies and desperately in need of funds to pay off some loans, the youth has come to Klisura in southeast Bulgaria hoping to sell some family land but also to spend time with the grandfather he has not seen in fifteen years. The narrative which follows, written by debut novelist Miroslav Penkov, who lived in Bulgaria until he was nineteen, breathes with the kind of exuberant realism which distinguishes the writing of someone who has actually lived through certain events, as opposed to the writing of someone who is “writing about” events which he may have observed but not fully lived. The “milk-washed” bell, a unique image for the grandfather’s memory, quoted in the introductory passage to this review, refers to a traditional practice in Klisura of washing sheep’s bells in milk “so the bells might sing more sweetly.”

author photoSpecific, often charming, detail like this accompanies the descriptions of many events and cultural traditions unknown to most of us in the West, giving a new kind of liveliness to the story of the youth’s return to his homeland and to his meetings with the people who live there.  These include the nestinari, men and women, often quite young, of priestly importance, who walk on red-hot coals without being burned during the once-a year religious celebration which has been held continuously for thirteen hundred years. The grandfather’s special connection to the nestinari adds additional drama to the action throughout. The overwhelming presence of storks in the spring and summer also adds to the magical, even spiritual, tone of everyday life in Klisura.

nestinari1_310

Young nestinari begins her walk across the coals, during which she will not be burned.

An unusual – possibly unique – combination of coming-of-age novel and epic of Bulgarian history and culture, the narrative has the small focus of a young man with limited goals and the grand scope of a culture which has incorporated elements from its Christian, Muslim, and even pagan past over many centuries. Wars and conquests by all these religious groups now living in Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey and speaking different languages have led to ancient traditions or painful scars in their wake. Stories ranging from the life and times of Attila in the fifth century to Murad, “the godlike one,” who founded the Ottoman Empire six centuries ago, combine here with pagan elements of hysteria related to the ongoing nestinari celebrations, to keep the reader occupied on a level beyond that of mere plot as the youth learns about Bulgaria, his grandfather, and the people he meets, including Elif, the daughter of an imam, with whom he falls in love.

Stork nests are about five feet in diameter and six feet deep. The seemingly little stork at the end of the bottom branch (rt) is 45 inches long from beak to tail and has a wing span of over seven feet.

Stork nests are about five feet in diameter and six feet deep. The seemingly tiny stork at the end of the bottom branch (rt) is actually 45 inches long from beak to tail and has a wing span of over seven feet. “The tree was dead.  But all the same, it bloomed in massive charcoal blossoms that weighed its branches down.”

Swirling around in time, the novel opens with a wild sandstorm, a simoom, which has come up from the Sahara and delays the passengers waiting for the bus to Klisura. The youth’s grandfather, a former teacher, has built and rebuilt the school for the town of Klisura five times, after succeeding raids by competing Balkan religious and political groups have destroyed it, and he is committed to education, including the education of women. The women here, often forced to be servants to their husbands, have little choice in their personal lives from the time they reach marriageable age. Elif, the older daughter of the local imam, will never forgive her father for virtually imprisoning her younger sister Aysha, who is one of seven girls from the village “chosen” by St. Constantine to walk across the coals at the next nestinari festival.  Elif, very independent, wants only to escape her life in Klisura, and her favorite place to go (and the place where she keeps her marijuana stash) is up into one of the huge, empty stork nests where she can smoke, sometimes with a friend. She plans to vanish as soon as she gets her diploma.

Two black storks, a little smaller than white storks. Their beaks and legs turn red when they reach maturity.

Two black storks, a little smaller than white storks. Their beaks and legs turn red when they reach maturity.

The youth, in the meantime, has discovered that his former land will now be developed into a wind farm with the aid of the imam. What will happen to the storks becomes a major issue, since storks do not migrate across the Mediterranean when they arrive from Africa in the spring, but travel along the east coast of Africa and across on land through the Strandja Mountains, aided by thermals which save them energy. Approximately seventy-five percent of all storks in Europe and the Balkans migrate through the Strandja Mountains, with up to 250,000 storks in residence in Bulgaria during the high points of migrations. Exposing them to wind farms would kill many of them, and they are regarded as almost sacred by the population. The youth, his grandfather, and St. Kosta, the name of their pet stork with a broken wing, are a family during the course of the novel, until, in the conclusion, the novel comes full circle complete with new, previously secret, information and past history.

map2

Double click to enlarge. Klisura is located in Bulgaria above the middle of the Turkish border shown here, almost on the border itself. Click to enlarge.

Although I thoroughly enjoyed this novel, I can hardly wait for Penkov’s next one. With what seems to be limitless imagination and the ability to use realistic description to create events of almost mystical import, he is able to avoid the romanticism which so often overpowers novels which touch on pagan influences. With themes related to memory, aging, the past, history, identity, and spirituality, Penkov keeps the reader engaged with big topics, while his experience as a short story writer provides numerous self-contained episodes which allow the reader to move around with the changes of subject. I did wish, however, that the author had condensed his material and edited it significantly to make it a more tightly wrought novel, instead of a collage of time periods and different kinds of action.  There seems to be nothing that Penkov cannot do – and do well. I just wish he had not tried to do it all in this first novel.

Photos, in order:  The author’s photo appears on https://www.untsystem.edu/

The young nestinari’s walk is found on http://bnr.bg/

The stork nests are a portion of a photo from http://www.alamy.com

The two black storks, smaller than white ones, appear on https://kth.kattis.com/

Klisura, an imagined town in Bulgaria, is located where Bulgaria, Turkey, and Greece come together:   http://www.nanohardbg.eu/

STORK MOUNTAIN
REVIEW. Photo, Bulgaria, Coming-of-age, Epic Novel, Greece, Historical, Literary, Social and Political Issues, Turkey
Written by: Miroslav Penkov
Published by: Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Date Published: 03/15/2016
ISBN: 978-0374222796
Available in: Ebook Hardcover

Note: Patrick Modiano was WINNER of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2014. At that time, his work was almost impossible to find in English translation. Since then, nearly all his works have been translated or are in the process of translation now.

“In this life that sometimes seems to be a vast, ill-defined landscape without signposts, amid all of the vanishing lines and the lost horizons, we hope to find reference points, to draw up some sort of land registry so as to shake the impression that we are navigating by chance. So we forge ties, we try to find stability in the chance encounters.”

coverAlways focused on questions of identity and loss, and of one’s vulnerability or resilience in facing these issues, Patrick Modiano’s work always feels autobiographical, and though he insists that each book is fiction, he also recognizes that his own reality is formed by his own past as described in detail in many of his novels. As his characters deal with whatever issues they face on a daily basis in his novels, they cannot help interpreting life through their memories, wondering if they have misunderstood events, and if they could have changed outcomes, “if only…” After time passes, those memories become more selective as people make judgments about their acquaintances and their experiences and sometimes “revise” or forget their recollections: “We live at the mercy of certain silences. We have all known things about each other for a long time, so we try to avoid each other. It would be best [sometimes] if none of us were ever to see each other again,” a way to preserve memories of the past as we think of them years later.

author photoIn the Café of Lost Youth, much of the action takes place at the Café Conde in the 1950s, “somewhere not far from the Carrefoure de l’Odeon.” An unnamed young woman enters the café through a back entrance and sits at the back of the room. In time, she becomes acquainted with some of the regulars there and sometimes sits with them, but her visits are at irregular intervals, and she never really becomes part of the group. “She was taking refuge here at the Conde, as if she were running from something, trying to escape some danger.” The others in the group, three of whom, along with the woman, Louki, become the speakers here, are between nineteen and twenty-five, except for a few older men in their fifties – “bohemians,” who lead wandering lives “without rules or worries about the next day.” As the first speaker, a student, points out, most of them “lived in the sheltered world of literature and the arts.” Louki, the linchpin of the novel, has hidden the fact that she grew up with a single mother who works at the Moulin Rouge, and that she never had the chance to go to the secondary school she always dreamed of. She disguises her lack of schooling by carrying a book, Lost Horizon, with her, “as if this book were a passport…that legitimized her presence.”

carrefour de l'odeon

Cafe on the Carrefour de l’Odeon, where this novel takes place.

Louki’s relationships and background become clearer through the novel’s changing points of view. The observations of the first speaker, a student, are expanded upon by a private detective who haunts the café because his employer has a particular reason for wanting to know where Louki spends her time. The detective notes her appearances and occasionally takes a photo. And when one older member of the group, Maurice Raphael, offers to drive Louki and the student home during a torrential rainstorm one night, Louki indicates that she lives just up from Montparnasse Cemetery. When she gives the address, Maurice comments, provocatively, “So you live in Limbo.”  Neither the student nor Louki understand the symbolism. Always living in the moment, with no long-term plans, Louki is a lovely cipher who floats in and out of the lives of the other characters, making no commitments. The fourth speaker, a lover of Louki, provides the final piece of the puzzle of her life.

Cemetery at Montparnasse. Photo by SerpentKiss

Cemetery at Montparnasse, near where Louki lives.  Photo by SerpentKiss.

In many ways the action here provides a microcosm of intellectual life in postwar France. The lack of direction for many of the country’s “lost youth,” as illustrated by the uncommitted lives of the youngest patrons of the Café Conde, parallels the many changing philosophical ideas occupying intellectuals and academics in Paris, especially the changing ideas of Guy Debord, who is represented here as Guy de Vere, a character at the Café. Pataphysics, lettrism, psychogeographics, Marxism, automatic writing, metagraphics, the art world’s situationist approach, and other exotic philosophical and political ideas all find adherents here. The young people’s lack of real direction in this novel and their lack of commitment in their lives is understandable and, perhaps, excusable, given the history of France during the war and the economic and political difficulties in its aftermath.

Eglise de la Sainte Trinite, which looms over the neighborhood where Louki grew up, terrifying her when she returns for the first time to confront the past

Eglise de la Sainte Trinite, which looms over the neighborhood where Louki grew up, terrifying her when she returns for the first time to confront the past.

Because many of the young people in the novel’s Café Conde use false names, they can experiment with life in new ways for which they may be able to avoid consequences, playing with identity to escape responsibility (though their name changes do complicate the narrative here). No one is happy, and many take long walks at night, even preferring to walk on the side of the street without lights. Life is intense and immediate with no sense of happiness offering promise or respite from the daily melancholy and there is little or no soul-searching on the part of the lost youth. When Louki, then known as Jacqueline, is riding in a taxi one night and is taken to the old neighborhood where she once lived with her mother, she panics as she sees “the dark bulk of the Eglise de la Sainte-Trinite, like a gigantic eagle standing guard.” In fact, she feels so ill that she nearly throws open the car door to escape. Her escort, however, does not notice a thing. When she later forces herself to walk past the Moulin Rouge where her mother once worked, she believes that a segment of her life has closed, at least for now.

cover-suspended-sentences

It is no secret that Patrick Modiano is one of my all-time favorite writers, and from the time that his books first began to be translated into English,  I have looked forward to each of them. However good this novel is, it seems the least autobiographical, the one most distanced from Modiano’s life as he has described it in his novels until now. There is no sense that one of the characters clearly represents him here, though the young writer may be intended to, and those new to Modiano may want to start with a different book as an introduction to his evocative life and work. My recommendation has always been to start with Suspended Sentences, the book which gives the most information about his life and career and forms the basis for many of the plots of his novels. His unusual childhood and its lifelong effect on his life and career are unforgettablE.

ALSO by Patrick Modiano:   AFTER THE CIRCUS,    DORA BRUDER,    FAMILY RECORD,   HONEYMOON,     LA PLACE de L’ETOILE (Book 1 of the OCCUPATION TRILOGY),    (with Louis Malle–LACOMBE LUCIEN, a screenplay,    LITTLE JEWEL,    THE NIGHT WATCH (Book II of the OCCUPATION TRILOGY),    THE OCCUPATION TRILOGY (LA PLACE DE L’ETOILE, THE NIGHT WATCH, AND RING ROADS),    PARIS NOCTURNE,     PEDIGREE: A Memoir,    RING ROADS (Book III of the OCCUPATION TRILOGY),    SLEEP OF MEMORY,    SO YOU DON’T GET LOST IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD,    SUCH FINE BOYS,    SUNDAYS IN AUGUST,    SUSPENDED SENTENCES,    VILLA TRISTE,    YOUNG ONCE

Post-Nobel Prize books:  SLEEP OF MEMORY (2017), INVISIBLE INK (2019)

Photos, in order:  The author’s photo appears on http://kickasstorrentseu.com

The cafe on the Carrefour de l’Odeon is from http://blog.velib.paris.fr/

The cemetery at Montparnasse, not far from where Louki lives, is shown here:  https://www.tumblr.com/    Photo by SerpentKiss

The “dark bulk” of the Eglise de la Sainte Trinite terrifies Louki when she returns for the first time to the neighborhood where she grew up.  https://www.tripadvisor.com

IN THE CAFE OF LOST YOUTH
REVIEW. Photos. Experimental, France, Historical, Literary, Social and Political Issues, Nobel Prize
Written by: Patrick Modiano
Published by: New York Review Books Classics
Date Published: 03/08/2016
ISBN: 978-1590179536
Available in: Ebook Paperback Hardcover

Note: Author Ross King was WINNER of Canada’s highest literary award, the Governor General’s Award, for Michelangelo and the Pope’s Ceiling in 2003; WINNER of the Governor General’s Literary Award in 2006 for The Judgment of Paris (about the Impressionist movement); and WINNER of the Governor General’s Award again in 2012 for Leonardo and the Last Supper. He was NOMINATED for this award for Brunelleschi’s Dome in 2000.

 

cover King Brunelleschi “What man, however hard of heart or jealous, would not praise Pippo the architect when he sees here such an enormous construction towering above the heavens vast enough to cover the entire Tuscan population with its shadow, and done without the aid of beams or elaborate wooden supports?” – Architect/philosopher Leon Battista Alberti, describing the half-built cupola of Santa Maria del Fiore, the Duomo, when he saw it for the first time in 1428, following his return to Florence from exile.

author photoAuthor Ross King has, from the beginning of his career, met with huge success for the publication of each of his biographical and cultural narratives about the geniuses responsible for some of the world’s greatest art works: Filippo “Pippo” Brunelleschi, for the dome on the Duomo in Florence; Michelangelo for his work on the Sistine Chapel ceiling; Edouard Manet for his revolutionary Impressionistic style and its contrasts with the style of traditional French classicist Ernest Meissonier; and Leonardo da Vinci for The Last Supper fresco at the Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan. Each of King’s books, for all the scrupulous background research, is also filled with the kind of excitement which can only come from the author’s vivid recreation of the agonizing trials and eventual successes of an artist who manages to conquer his own limitations and the doubts of society and/or his patrons, along with the unexpected twists of fate which complicate his life during the creation of a masterpiece. King is an artist in his own writing, clearly understanding what the painter or architect goes through to produce his work, and it is easy for a reader to see parallels and to imagine King living a similar life as he follows his own inspiration to a successful conclusion in his own narrative creations.

Brunelleschi

Filippo Brunelleschi looking at his dome.

Brunelleschi’s Dome opens with a description of the city of Florence in 1418, when it is holding a competition for artists or architects to produce a model or design for the vaulting of the main dome of the large new cathedral being built there. Six weeks are allowed for the candidate to produce his sample work for the dome, which will complement the cathedral campanile on which the artist Giotto has worked for twenty years. Because of the proportions of the work already completed, the crowning dome will have to be the highest and widest dome ever built – higher and wider than the 143’ diameter of the Pantheon built in Rome a thousand years earlier and never duplicated. The Gothic architecture popular in the rest of Europe, with its flying buttresses to draw the weight of large arches and domes away from the center of the cathedral, does not appeal to the Florentines, who want something different for their cathedral.

Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, the Duomo, in Florence

Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, the Duomo, in Florence

The finalists in the competition are Filippo Brunelleschi, a goldsmith and clockmaker, and Lorenzo Ghiberti, a worker in bronze who has designed the doors of the Baptistery of Florence. Though they are supposed to share the responsibility for the new dome, Brunelleschi wants complete control and prefers to work in isolation. He has studied Roman ruins, and the surviving Pantheon, and understands the laws of perspective and the use of a vanishing point, so important in surveying and in the creation of domes. He is able to foresee the problems of transporting building materials up hundreds of feet to the dome, then getting them into the exact space required, and he creates unique designs for the machinery he will need, including a hoist with pulleys, wheel bearings, and gears which will allow him to lift an estimated seventy million pounds of marble, brick, stone, and mortar during the construction. He does not see Lorenzo Ghiberti as a partner in this effort, rather as a rival for attention in a project which he alone is directing.

Double click to enlarge

Click to enlarge

Because the dome will have no central supports, Brunelleschi decides to make it in two parts consisting of eight outer sections in an octagon, with a round dome inside it. Reinforcements will be made in the space between the octagon and the round dome to stabilize the construction and allow workers access to both parts of the dome. Four sandstone chains and many transverse beams will encircle the inner dome invisibly to add to the stability and to protect the construction from wind and weather. Construction seems to be making real progress when complications arise. Brunelleschi, known for tricks played in the past, suddenly becomes very “ill” and must stay at home during one of the most difficult phases of construction. Lorenzo Ghiberti, on his own, is clearly unable to manage or direct the complex construction which is underway, though he is being paid the same salary as Brunelleschi. The city becomes concerned.

Brunelleschi's design contained two shells for the dome, an inner shell made of a lightweight material, and an outer shell of heavier wind-resistant materials. By creating two domes, Brunelleschi solved the problem of weight during construction because workers could sit atop the inner shell to build the outer shell of the dome.

Brunelleschi’s design contained two shells for the dome, an inner shell made of a lightweight material, and an outer shell of heavier wind-resistant materials, solving the problem of weight during construction.  Click to enlarge.

When Brunelleschi suddenly “recovers” and returns to work, with a reduction in the role of Ghiberti, new questions are raised about the interior of the dome being “murky and gloomy.” The quality of the mortar for the bricks becomes an issue, and as the interior walls begin to tilt more and more inward as the dome’s construction gets closer to the top, questions of safety for the workers arise. The problems expand. War breaks out against the Duke of Milan, wages are reduced, and the transportation of materials becomes a problem. The Carrara marble needed for the interior becomes difficult to obtain. Work stops for two years. When it finally resumes and the dome itself is largely completed, a competition is then held for the building of the “lantern” for the top of the dome. Once again, all the old jealousies among the builders and architects rage anew.

From 1572 - 1579, Giorgio Vassari created a fresco of the Last Judgment on the inside of the cathedral dome.

From 1572 – 1579, Giorgio Vassari created a fresco of the Last Judgment on the inside of the cathedral dome. Click to enlarge.

Ross King manages to make the complex engineering and structural feats of building this dome understandable to a lay reader, and while it is still somewhat difficult to imagine Brunelleschi as a real person, he succeeds in making Brunelleschi’s behavior “human” during a time almost totally alien to our own. When the dome is finally finished, twenty-five years after Brunelleschi started it, readers will rejoice at having been able to participate in its construction through reading this novel.  In light of the enormous contribution Brunelleschi made to the artistic and architectural history of the world, King’s rendering of Brunelleschi’s death and the recently discovered memorial to him are bittersweet.

ALSO by Ross King:  MICHELANGELO AND THE POPE’S CEILING,        LEONARDO AND THE LAST SUPPER       MAD ENCHANTMENT: Claude Monet and the Painting of the Water Lilies

Photos, in order:  The author’s photo appears on http://ourspace.uregina.ca

The sculpture of Brunelleschi looking up at his dome is found on https://en.wikipedia.org/

Santa Maria delle Fiore, the Duomo, is shown on http://www.bhmpics.com/

A drawing of the structure of the dome may be found here: http://archimaps.tumblr.com

Additional drawings of the interior structure of the dome are found on https://sites.google.com/  Brunelleschi’s design contained two shells for the dome, an inner shell made of a lightweight material, and an outer shell of heavier wind-resistant materials. By creating two domes, Brunelleschi solved the problem of weight during construction because workers could sit atop the inner shell to build the outer shell of the dome.

More than a hundred years after the completion of the dome, Giorgio Vasari was hired to paint the Last Judgment as a fresco on its interior.  https://sites.google.com/

BRUNELLESCHI'S DOME: How a Renaissance Genius Reinvented Architecture
REVIEW. Photos. Non-fiction, Book Club Suggestions, Historical, Literary, Italy, Renaissance, Canada
Written by: Ross King
Published by: Walker and Co.,
Date Published: 03/01/1999
Edition: First edition
ISBN: ASIN: B002LRKT9C
Available in: Ebook Paperback Hardcover

 

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